Toll样受体4信号通路在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

Research progress of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者常见的微血管并发症之一,也是导致患者失明的主要原因,但其发病机制尚未完全明确。其发生和发展可能是多种因素参与的结果,例如炎症、细胞因子、多元醇途径和氧化应激。Toll样受体4(TLR4)是经典免疫炎症反应的介导因子之一,可以通过与其配体结合,激活下游信号通路,诱导炎性因子的产生。随着人们对DR发生机制的不断探索,TLR4信号通路的激活与DR之间的迷雾渐渐被揭开。本文主要从氧化应激、炎性因子释放、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)生成、糖基化终末产物、表观遗传学、基因多态性等方面对TLR4信号通路在DR发病机制中的研究进展进行综述。

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients,and it is also the leading cause of blindness,but its pathogenesis is not yet entirely clarified.Its occurrence and development may be the result of mul‐tiple factors,such as inflammation,cytokines,polyol pathways,and oxidative stress.Toll-like re‐ceptor 4(TLR4)is one of the mediators of classical immune inflammatory response,which can acti‐vate downstream signaling pathways and induce the production of inflammatory factors by binding to its ligands.As researchers continue to explore the mechanism of DR,the mystery between the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway and DR is gradually unveiled.This paper mainly reviews the research progress of TLR4 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of DR from the aspects of oxi‐dative stress,inflammatory factor release,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)generation,glycation end products,epigenetics,gene polymorphism and so on.