小学生功能动作和粗大动作发展与体质健康相关性研究

Study on the Correlation between Functional Movement,Gross Movement and Physical Health of Primary School Students

目的:本文拟探究小学生功能动作、粗大动作发展与其体质健康之间的关系,以期为小学生的体质健康促进提供建议。方法:采用随机抽样方法,抽取北京市1-3年级小学生共201人,通过《国民体质健康测试标准》(学生部分)、功能动作筛查测试(FMS)、粗大动作测试(TGMD-2)进行测试。结果:(1)随着年龄增长,小学女生FMS总分不断提高,小学男生变化不大,年级、性别的主效应,以及年级与性别的交互作用都具有统计学意义(P<0.05),1-3年级小学生左右肩关节灵活性得分存在差异(P<0.05)。(2)随着年龄增长,小学生TGMD得分整体增长,身体位移动作和物体操控动作测试存在性别差异(P<0.05)。(3)体质健康测试与粗大动作、功能动作各分项测试动作间存在低度相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:女生的功能动作、身体位移动作发展早于男生,男生需要注重改善肩关节和髋关节的灵活性,小学生均应注意纠正肩关节不对称现象。直腿抬高、躯干俯卧撑、深蹲、跨栏步等功能动作和粗大动作可以作为评价指标,监控和指导小学生体质健康促进活动。

Objective:This paper aims to explore the relationship between functional movement,gross movement and physical health of primary school students,so as to provide support for physical health promotion.Methods:A total of 201 primary school students from grade 1 to 3 were selected by convenient sampling method.They were tested by National Physical Health Test Standard(student part),FMS and TGMD-2.Results:(1)with the increase of age,the total FMS scores of primary school girls increased continuously,while the total FMS scores of primary school boys did not change much.The main effects of grade,gender and the interaction between them were statistically significant(P<0.05),there was shoulder joint flexibility asymmetry in primary school students from grade 1 to 3(P<0.05).(2)with the increase of age,the TGMD scores of primary school students increased overall,and there were gender differences in body displacement and object manipulation(P<0.05).(3)there was a low correlation between physical health and gross and functional movements(P<0.05).Conclusions:The sensitive stage of functional and body displacement movement in female students is earlier than that in male students.Male students should pay attention to improving the flexibility of shoulder and hip joint,while all students should pay attention to correcting shoulder joint asymmetry.Functional movements such as straight-leg-raise,trunk-push-up,squat,hurdle-step and gross movements can be used as evaluation indexes to monitor and guide the physical health promotion activities of primary school students.