智力残疾儿童青少年体质健康的可视化分析

Physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities:a visualized analysis

目的运用CiteSpace文献计量分析近10年国际智力残疾儿童青少年体质健康领域的研究现状和热点,并进行文献循证研究。方法基于世界卫生组织国际分类家族(WHO-FICs)理论,利用PubMed数据库检索国际智力残疾儿童青少年体质健康领域的相关文献,检索范围为2012年至2022年,采用CiteSpace 6.1.R2软件进行科学知识图谱绘制。结果共检索到670篇文献,纳入348篇,年均发文量为31.6篇,发文量总体呈上升趋势。唐氏综合征、孤独症谱系障碍、Prader-Willi综合征等智力残疾儿童青少年的体质健康特征及干预策略是近10年的研究热点。在WHO-FICs理论架构的指导下,体质健康内容涉及身体结构与功能层面(身体成分/肥胖、骨骼健康、动作发育/动作技能、姿势控制等)、活动和参与层面(身体活动/久坐行为、生活质量等)以及环境和个人因素层面(父母支持等)。体质健康干预策略包括体适能类(有氧运动、中等至剧烈强度身体活动、视频游戏、抗阻训练等)、运动技能训练类(适应性身体活动、适应性体育等)、运动项目相关类(特奥足球等)。结论近10年来,国际上对智力残疾儿童青少年体质健康的关注度逐年提高。研究热点涉及唐氏综合征、孤独症谱系障碍等智力残疾儿童青少年在身体成分、执行能力等身体结构与功能层面,以及身体活动、生活质量等社会和参与层面存在的体质健康功能障碍。此外,传统的体适能运动、中等强度以上的身体活动、适应性身体活动、适应体育、特奥运动等体质健康干预策略也是近年来的研究热点之一。上述干预策略秉承“生活体育”理念,将身体活动与日常生活紧密相连,帮助其提升身心健康水平、社会参与能力和生活质量与福祉。

Objective To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the research status and hot spots of physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disability using CiteSpace.Methods Based on the theoretical framework of World Health Organization Family of International Classifications(WHO-FICs),literatures about physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disability were searched in PubMed from 2012 to 2022.CiteSpace 6.1.R2 was used to draw knowledge mapping.Results A total of 670 literatures were retrieved from Pub Med,and 348 literatures were included.The mean number of articles published was 31.6 per year,which presented an upward trend.The characteristics and intervention strategies of physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities,such as Down syndrome,autism spectrum disorder and Prader-Willi syndrome had been the hot spots of research in the past ten years.Under the guidance of the WHO-FICs framework,physical fitness involved structural and functional levels(body composition/obesity,bone health,motor development/motor skills,postural control,etc.),activity and participation levels(physical activity/sedentary behavior,quality of life,etc.),and environmental and personal factors(parental support,etc.).Intervention included physical fitness strategies(aerobic exercise,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,video games,resistance training,etc.),motor skills training strategies(adaptive physical activity,adaptive physical education,etc.),and sport event related strategies(Special Olympic soccer,etc.).Conclusion The international attention on the physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities has been increasing in the past decade.Researches focus on the dysfunction of physical fitness for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities,such as Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder;in terms of physical structure and function including body composition and executive ability,etc.,and in terms of social and participation including physical activity and quality of life,etc..In addition,physical fitness intervention strategies,such as traditional physical fitness exercise,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,adaptive physical activity,adaptive sports and special Olympic sports are also research hotspots.Those strategies adhere to the concept of"sports for life"and are closely linked with daily life,in order to help them to improve their physical and mental health level,social participation ability,quality of life and well-being.