半夏传统去除滑液法探讨

Discussion on Traditional Synovial Fluid Removal Method of Banxia(Pinellia Ternata)

古人认为,半夏汤洗后表面的滑液是其毒性成分,去除滑液的方法,后世多遵陶弘景《本草经集注》的汤洗、煮沸、削皮3法。汤洗法在唐宋时期最为常用,所用为沸水,以水清滑尽为标准。煮沸法与汤洗法功效相近,但是搓揉的次数减为1次。削皮法为灰炮后再削去焦皮,后世鲜有传承。汤洗浸泡法始于宋代,明清时期成为主流,多配合姜、矾、石灰等。水浸法没有加热的过程,久浸损失药效。现代学者对半夏汤洗法前期的实验设计中,对汤洗的温度、时间、次数、标准、用水量等方面值得商榷。

In ancients times,it was believed that the synovial fluid on the surface of Banxia(pinellia ternata)was its toxic component.The method of removing the synovial fluid followed Tao Hongjing′s description in his Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu,namely,soup washing,boiling and peeling.The soup washing method was most commonly used in the Tang and Song Dynasties,using boiling water,with water becoming clear and synovial fluid completely disappearing as the production standard.The boiling method is similar to the soup washing method,yet the number of kneading is reduced to 1 time.The peeling method means to peel off the charred skin after the procession,and it is rarely passed down in later generations.The soup washing and soaking method began in the Song Dynasty and became the mainstream in the Ming and Qing dynasties,with more ginger,alum,lime and so on being used.There is no heating process in water immersion method since long-term immersion would decrease its efficacy.In the experimental design made by modern scholars in the early stage of the soup washing method of Banxia,the temperature,time,frequency,standard,and water consumption of the soup washing are debatable.