2021年贵州省中小学及幼儿园传染病防控工作现况分析

An investigation of infectious disease prevention and control in primary schools,secondary schools and kindergartens in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省中小学及幼儿园传染病防控措施落实现状并提出建议。方法于2021年10月采用分层配额抽样的方法抽取贵州省27个县区中小学和幼儿园,用自行设计的问卷调查学校传染病防控措施落实情况,用描述性流行病学方法,定量资料的比较选用t检验,单因素方差分析;定性资料的比较用χ2检验,α=0.05。结果本次共调查161个学校均建立联防联控机制,校长负责、专人上报传染病信息。13.70%(22/161)的学校未配备医务室,55.28%(72/161)未配备专职卫生技术人员;9.55%(15/157)的学校缺课追踪记录不规范,12.50%(20/160)的学校晨午检记录不规范,10.32%(17/160)消毒记录不规范;5.00%(8/160)的学校消毒药品过期,5.63%(9/160)消毒药品存放不安全。厕所男生每蹲位学生人数为(18.08±14.06)人/个,其中14个学校(8.70%)大于40人/个;女生每蹲位学生人数为(13.81±11.82)人/个,其中63个学校(39.13%)大于13人/个。结论贵州省中小学幼儿园专职卫生技术人员配置不足,卫生设施不足,中小学传染病防控措施落实质量有待提高。建议加强中小学传染病防控监督管理,大力支持医疗卫生人员进校园,新改建学校时充分考虑卫生设施需求。

Objective To investigate the implementation status of infectious disease prevention and control measures in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Guizhou province and put forward corresponding suggestions.Methods Stratified quota sampling was used to selected the primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in 27 counties and districts of Guizhou province in October,2021.A self-designed questionnaire was applied to investigate the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control measures in schools.Descriptive epidemiological method was used,t-test was used for comparison of quantitative data,one-way ANOVA were used for analysis,qualitative data were compared byχ2 test,α=0.05.Results A total of 161 schools were investigated and they all had established joint prevention and control mechanism.The principals were responsible for infectious diseases report,and 13.70%(22/161)of the schools did not have a medical clinics,55.28%(72/161)did not have a full-time healthcare technicians;9.55%(15/157)of the school absence tracking records were not standardized,12.50%(20/160)of the morning and afternoon inspection records were not standardized,10.32%(17/160)of the disinfection records were not standardized;5.00%(8/160)of the school disinfection drugs expired,5.63%(9/160)of disinfection drugs were stored unsafe.The number of students per squatting seat in the males’bathroom was 18.08±14.06 person,of which 14 schools(8.70%)were more than 40 person;The number of students per squatting seat in the females’bathroom was 13.81±11.82 person,of which 63 schools(39.13%)more than 13 person.Conclusions The allocation of full-time healthcare technicians and facilities in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Guizhou province is insufficient.The quality of prevention and control measures for infectious disease in primary and secondary schools needs to be improved.It is suggested to strengthen the supervision and management of infectious disease prevention and control in primary and secondary schools.Vigorous policy supports should be put in place to encourage medical and health personnel to enter the schools,and the needs of health facilities in the new reconstruction of schools should be fully considered.