城市森林公园声源感知的时空动态与空间依赖性特征研究

Study on the Spatio-temporal Dynamic and Spatial Dependency Characteristics of Sound Source Perception in Urban Forest Park

城市森林公园是重要的城市生态与社会功能空间。声景感知作为游憩体验的重要因素,掌握其时空特征对声景规划及管理具有重要意义。以福州国家森林公园为例,基于现场监测与公众调查数据,利用声景地图从时空维度分析森林公园声景的动态特征,并通过空间自相关模型检验声景感知属性的空间依赖性,以及探讨物理声学指标与声景感知属性之间在不同时段的动态空间关系。结果表明,物理声学指标(L_(Aeq)、L_(10)、L_(90)、L_(10)-L_(90))与声源和谐度在时空尺度上均存在不同程度的动态变化与空间差异;声源和谐度在全局和局部模型中都出现了空间自相关,并随时间变化呈现不同特征;各物理声学指标对声源和谐度的空间分布在不同时段具有潜在负面影响。

Urban forest parks are important urban ecological and social function spaces.As an important element of the recreational experience,it is important to understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of the soundscape for its planning and management.This study takes Fuzhou National Forest Park as an example,and analyzes the dynamic characteristics of forest park soundscape in spatio-temporal dimensions through soundscape maps based on on-site monitoring and public survey data.Spatial autocorrelation model was used to examine the spatial dependency of soundscape perceptual attributes,as well as exploring the dynamic spatial relationship between physical acoustical indicators and soundscape perceptual attributes at different time periods.The results show that the acoustical parameters of the soundscape(L_(Aeq)、L_(10)、L_(90)、L_(10)-L_(90))and sound harmonious degree vary dynamically and spatially in different degrees in the spatio-temporal dimensions.Sound harmonious degree is observed to be spatially autocorrelated in both global and local models,and shows different characteristics at different time period.The acoustic parameters could negatively affect spatial distribution of harmonious degree of the sound sources.