中国5岁以下儿童生长障碍疾病负担现状与趋势

The status and trend of child growth failure(CGF) burden in children aged<5 years in China

目的分析中国1990—2019年5岁以下儿童生长障碍的死亡率、DALY率的现状及趋势,为防控儿童生长障碍提供参考依据。方法从GBD 2019获取1990—2019年5岁以下儿童生长障碍的死亡率、DALY率等指标,对比分析中国、美国、日本、俄罗斯、印度及全球的这些指标随年份变化的情况。结果2019年,中国5岁以下儿童消瘦、低体重、生长迟缓的死亡率分别为9.62/10万、1.23/10万、1.29/10万,DALY率分别为867.50/10万、129.23/10万、112.87/10万,高于美、日、俄三国,远低于印度及全球。三类生长障碍的疾病负担均为男性高于女性,<1岁年龄组高于1~4岁年龄组。1990—2019年,中国5岁以下儿童生长障碍死亡率、DALY率分别由300.41/10万、26445.38/10万降至10.49/10万、943.57/10万,在纳入分析的国家中降幅最大。下呼吸道感染是中国5岁以下儿童生长障碍所致疾病中DALY率最高的疾病。结论1990—2019年中国5岁以下儿童生长障碍的疾病负担显著下降,但与发达国家相比仍存在一定差距,未来应继续关注儿童生长相关问题,进一步降低儿童生长障碍的死亡率与DALY率。

Objective To analyze the status and trend for the mortality and DALY rates of child growth failure(CGF)in children aged<5 years in China from 1990 to 2019,so as to provide a scientific basis for CGF prevention and control.Methods The mortality and DALY rates of CGF in children aged<5 years from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from GBD 2019.The changes of these indicators with the years in China,the United States,Japan,Russia,India and the global were compared and analyzed.Results In 2019,the mortality of child wasting,child stunting and child underweight in children aged<5 years in China were 9.62/100000,1.23/100000,and 1.29/100000 respectively,the mortality rates were 867.50/100000,129.23/100000,and 112.87/100000 rescpectively,higher than those of the United States,Japan,and Russia,and far lower than those of India and the global.The disease burden of three types of CGF were all higher in males than females,and higher in children aged<1 years than children aged 1-4 years.From 1990 to 2019,the mortality and DALY rates of CGF in children aged<5 years in China decreased from 300.41/100000 and 26445.38/100000 to 10.49/100000 and 943.57/100000,respectively.China had the largest drop rate compared with all analyzed countries.As for children aged<5 years in China,the DALY rate of lower respiratory infection ranked first in all the diseases caused by CGF.Conclusion From 1990 to 2019,the disease burden of CGF in children aged<5 years has shown a significant decrease in China,but it is still far behind the developed countries.In the future,more attention should be paid to the problems of child growth in hope of reducing the mortality and DALY rates of CGF.