武汉市某铅蓄电池厂工人血铅水平的调查

Investigation on blood lead level of workers in a lead-acid battery factory in Wuhan

目的了解武汉市2020年某铅蓄电池厂劳动者职业性铅接触情况及职工血铅水平的现况,分析血铅影响因素,为铅蓄电池厂劳动者的血铅干预提供参考。方法调查该厂的320名职业性铅接触劳动者在岗期间血铅检测结果并分析其影响因素。结果收集到的320份血铅样本中血铅≥400μg/L有4人,占1.25%;血铅≥200μg/L有89人,占27.81%。其中男性235份,血铅中位数155.10μg/L,女性85份,血铅中位数82.40μg/L。双独立样本Wilcoxon秩和检验结果显示,男性职工血铅总体水平高于女性职工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。收集各年龄段职工血样,其中≤40岁样本82份,40~50岁样本160份,>50岁样本78份。采用Bonferroni法校正显著性水平两两比较发现,40岁以下组与40~50岁组、50岁以上组的血铅浓度差异有统计学意义(调整后P<0.016)。将职工按不同车间进行分类,其中行政车间样本38份,充电车间样本40份,装配车间样本242份。采用Bonferroni法校正显著性水平两两比较发现,行政车间与充电车间、装配车间的血铅浓度差异有统计学意义(调整后P<0.016)。结论该蓄电池厂职工年龄、性别、工种都对血铅水平有一定的影响,应不断完善劳动卫生操作制度管理和加强劳动者的自我防护水平,定期开展职业卫生检测和健康监护。

Objective To investigate the occupational lead exposure and blood lead levels of workers in a lead-acid battery factory in Wuhan in 2020 and analyze the influencing factors of blood lead,and to provide reference for the blood lead intervention of the workers in the lead-acid battery factory.Methods The blood lead test results of 320 occupational lead-exposed workers in the factory were investigated and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results Among the 320 blood lead samples collected,4 people had blood lead≥400μg/L,accounting for 1.25%,and 89 people had blood lead≥200μg/L,accounting for 27.81%.Among them,there were 235 males with a median blood lead of 155.10μg/L,and 85 females with a median blood lead of 82.40μg/L.The Wilcoxon rank sum test results of two independent samples showed that the overall blood lead level of male employees was higher than that of female employees,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Blood samples were collected from employees of all ages,including 82 samples≤40 years old,160 samples 40-50 years old,and 78 samples>50 years old.Using the Bonferroni method to adjust the significance level for pairwise comparison,it was found that there were significant differences in the blood lead concentrations between the group under 40 years old,the group of 40-50 years old,and the group of over 50 years old(P<0.016 after adjustment).The employees were classified into different workshops,including 38 samples from the administrative workshop,40 samples from the charging workshop,and 242 samples from the assembly workshop.Using the Bonferroni method to adjust the significance level for pairwise comparison,it was found that the blood lead concentrations in the administrative workshop,the charging workshop,and the assembly workshop were statistically different(P<0.016 after adjustment).Conclusion The age,gender,and type of work of the employees in the battery factory all have a certain impact on the blood lead level.It is necessary to continuously improve the management of the labor hygiene operation system and strengthen the self-protection level of the workers,and regularly carry out occupational hygiene inspection and health monitoring.