厕所革命对宜昌市食源性疾病病原谱的影响

Influence of toilet revolution on pathogen spectrum of foodborne diseases in Yichang

目的掌握厕所革命前中后期,即2014—2020年宜昌地区食源性疾病病原谱的变化情况,了解厕所革命对宜昌市食源性疾病病原谱的影响。方法收集2014—2020年宜昌市食源性疾病病例基本信息,采集粪便样本进行相关病原检测。整理宜昌市2014—2020年食品微生物及其致病因子监测项目报告,获悉相关食源性致病菌在食品的分布情况。2017—2020年与肠道疾病多发的5~10月采集长江水样开展食源性疾病致病菌检测。结果食源性疾病监测结果显示,2015—2017年诺如病毒检出率逐年升高至6.12%,2018年骤降至0.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.962,P<0.05);细菌性病原菌检出率2018年显著下降,不同年份检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=106.47,P<0.05)。其中沙门氏菌检出率均为最高,2015—2018年和2020年血清型主要为鼠伤寒,2014年主要血清型为都柏林,2019年主要血清型为肠炎。2017—2020年长江水中仅检出了沙门氏菌和副溶血弧菌,检出率2018年最低,不同年份检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=44.036,P<0.05)。结论厕所革命可以降低宜昌市食源性疾病病原体的检出率,降低长江水中沙门氏菌的检出率,但是对食源性疾病病原谱的构成影响不大。

Objective To master the changes of foodborne disease pathogen spectrum in Yichang during 2014-2020,and to understand the impact of the toilet revolution on the pathogen spectrum of foodborne diseases in Yichang.Methods The basic information on the cases of foodborne diseases in Yichang from 2014 to 2020 was collected.The fecal specimens were collected to detect pathogens,including salmonella,vibrio parahaemolyticus,Shigella,and diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and Norovirus.The distribution of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in food was obtained from the surveillance project report of food microorganisms and their pathogenic factors in Yichang.From 2017 to 2020,water samples from the Yangtze River were collected from May to October with frequent intestinal diseases to detect pathogenic bacteria of foodborne diseases.Results The monitoring results of foodborne diseases showed that the detection rate of norovirus increased to 6.12%year by year from 2015 to 2017,and plummeted to 0.43%in 2018,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=60.962,P<0.05).The detection rate of bacterial pathogens decreased significantly in 2018,showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=106.47,P<0.05).The detection rate of salmonella was the highest.The salmonella serotypes of 2015 to 2018 and 2020 were mainly typhimurium,and the main serotypes of 2014 and 2019 were dublin and enteritidis,respectively.From 2017 to 2020,only salmonella and vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in the Yangtze River water,and the detection rate was the lowest in 2018.There was significant difference in the detection rate in different years.(χ^(2)=44.036,P<0.05).Conclusion The toilet revolution can reduce the detection rate of pathogens of foodborne diseases in Yichang and reduce the detection rate of salmonella in Yangtze River water,but it has little impact on the composition of foodborne disease pathogen spectrum.