重庆市65岁及以上农村老年人跌倒发生率及影响因素

Falls incidence and its influencing factors among the rural community elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing City

目的了解重庆市农村社区65岁及以上老年人跌倒现状,探讨影响老年人跌倒的危险因素,为开展跌倒干预提供建议。方法于2019年9~12月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取重庆市若干个农村社区,65岁及以上且居住满一年的老年人作为研究对象,调查其过去一年的跌倒情况。采用自制的问卷收集资料,问卷内容包括基本情况、运动锻炼情况、患病及用药情况和跌倒相关信息。采用SPSS 25.0进行χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果此次共调查了801名重庆市农村社区老年人,平均年龄为(71.64±5.85)岁。7.12%的调查对象需要使用拐杖或助行器,自评健康状况差的占6.87%,42.57%的调查对象几乎没有习惯性的运动锻炼,自报患有心脏病、糖尿病、骨质疏松、关节炎、白内障、耳聋疾病的分别为8.99%、8.11%、17.48%、25.97%、13.73%、6.24%。过去12个月共有104位老年人发生128次跌倒经历,跌倒发生率为12.98%,跌倒发生次率为15.98%。多因素logistic回归分析显示:自评健康状况差(OR=4.04,95%CI:1.71~9.52)、糖尿病(OR=2.68,95%CI:1.41~5.12)、骨质疏松(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.16~3.15)、关节炎(OR=2.60,95%CI:1.65~4.11)、不能自理(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.16~5.16)、是农村社区老年人跌倒发生的危险因素。结论重庆市农村社区65岁及以上老年人跌倒发生率较低,应针对跌倒的危险因素制定综合干预措施。

Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of falls in the rural community elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing City,and to provide references for developing preventive measures.Methods The multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select several rural communities in Chongqing City from September to December,2019,and then the elderly aged 65 years and above who lived in the communities for one year were chosen to serve as the surveyed subjects.A self designed questionnaire(sociodemographic factors,exercise status,illness and medication status and fall to related information)was used to collect the data regarding falls occurring in the last year.The chi-square test and multi factor multi-variant logistic regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 25.0.Results A total of 801 rural community elderly people in Chongqing City were surveyed.The average age was(71.64±5.85)years old.7.12%of elderly need cane or walker.6.87%of them self-reported their health was poor.42.57%of elderly seldom have the habit of exercise.The prevalence of heart disease,diabetes,osteoporosis,arthritis,cataract,deafness self-reported was 8.99%、8.11%、17.48%、25.97%、13.73%and 6.24%respectively.Totally 104 elderly people experienced 128 falls in the past 12 months,and the incidence rates of falls and falling times were 12.84%and 15.98%respectively.The multi-variant logistic regression analysis showed that poor heath status self-reported(OR=4.04,95%,CI:1.71-9.52),diabetes(OR=2.68,95%CI:1.41-5.12),osteoporosis(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.16-3.15),arthritis(OR=2.60,95%CI:1.65-4.11)and non self-care(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.16-5.16)were the risk factors for falls in the rural community elderly.Conclusions The incidence rate of falls in the rural community elderly aged 65 years and above in Chongqing City was low.It is necessary to formulate comprehensive intervention measures for the risk factors of fall so as to reduce the incidence rate of falls in the elderly.