管线钢的历史沿革及未来展望

Historical development and future prospects of pipeline steel

管道是石油天然气长距离输送最安全、经济的方式。过去40年,随着管道输量和效率需求的不断提升,以及钢铁冶金制造技术及相应装备的进步,管线钢的开发和应用取得了快速发展。针对这一特点,从应用需求驱动、合金成分设计、制造工艺与装备、显微组织、力学性能等方面对管线钢的发展历程进行阐述,包括低碳微合金化且具有良好可焊性的化学成分设计优化,高纯净度冶金和控轧控冷(Thermomechanical Control Process,TMCP)技术发展,珠光体-铁素体、针状铁素体、铁素体-贝氏体双相或复相、超低碳贝氏体等管线钢显微组织特征变化,以及高强度、高韧性、高变形能力管线钢的研制。在总结管线钢历史沿革的基础上,针对超大输量、更复杂服役工况和输送介质、氢气、二氧化碳等新能源管道建设需求,结合钢铁行业技术发展前沿,探讨了未来管线钢的技术发展趋势与方向。

Pipeline transportation is the safest and most economical way for long-distance transportation of oil and gas.In the past 40 years,the development and application of pipeline steel have been improved rapidly with the increasing demand for pipeline capacity and efficiency,as well as the progress of iron and steel metallurgy manufacturing technology and equipment.In view of these characteristics,the development history of pipeline steel was described from the aspects of application demand driving,alloy composition design,manufacturing process and equipment,microstructure,mechanical properties,etc.Specifically,the contents included the optimization of chemical composition design with low-carbon microalloying and good weldability,the development of high-purity metallurgy and Thermomechanical Control Process(TMCP)technology,the change of microstructure characteristics of pipeline steels such as pearlite-ferrite,acicular ferrite,ferrite-bainite duplex or multiphase,and ultra-low carbon bainite,and the development of pipeline steel with high strength,high toughness and high deformation capacity.On the basis of summarizing the historical development of pipeline steel,the technical development trend and direction of pipeline steel in the future were discussed in view of the construction requirements of new energy transportation pipelines with ultra-large transportation capacity,more complex service conditions and transportation media,hydrogen,and carbon dioxide in combination with the latest technological development frontier of the iron and steel industry.