全球国际商事法庭的兴起与生态

Global Rise and Ecology of International Commercial Courts

在过去的十余年间,国际商事法庭在全球范围内不断涌现。国际商事法庭是为解决复杂跨境商事争端而设立在国内法院体系下的专门法庭。大多数国际商事法庭都具备类似的特点,比如有一套与国际仲裁相当的灵活的程序规则、多语种的法庭审理程序以及聘任海外法官或外国法律专家。本文聚焦这一全球现象,研究全球国际商事法庭的兴起与趋势,系统化比较不同类型的国际商事法庭,并重点强调国际商事争议解决的“竞争与合作”生态,特别是国际商事法庭彼此之间的“竞争与合作”,以及国际商事法庭和国际商事仲裁之间的“竞争与合作”。本文认为,在国际商事争议解决的“竞争与合作”生态下,虽然对案件和外国诉讼当事人的竞争不可避免,但通过区域间合作和协调来充分考虑和利用不同国际商事法庭各自的优势和专长,仍有很大的发展空间和前景。全球国际商事法庭的建设经验,亦可为中国国际商事法庭的进一步发展及其在全球的定位,提供启示和借鉴。

Over the past decade,there has been a proliferation of International Commercial Courts(ICCs)across the globe.ICCs are specialized tribunals within the domestic court system tailored for the adjudication of complicated cross-border commercial disputes.Most ICCs share similar features,such as a set of flexible procedural rules comparable to those in international arbitration,multilingual court proceedings,and the recruitment of overseas judges or foreign legal experts.Focusing on this global phenomenon,this article studies the global rise and trend of ICCs,systematically compares different types of ICCs,and emphasizes the ecology of“competition and cooperation”in international commercial dispute resolution,especially the“competition and cooperation”among the ICCs inter se,and the“competition and cooperation”between the ICCs and international arbitration.While a race for cases and foreign litigants is inevitable,this article argues that there is significant room for inter-regional cooperation and coordination to allow for and capitalize on different ICC niches and specialties.The experience of global ICCs also provides insights and lessons for the further development of the China International Commercial Court.