翻译诗学

From Cross-cultural Rewriting to the Translator's Creativity:The Poetics of Translation

翻译与跨文化改写密切相关,无论是意识形态、文体还是其他方面的操纵,皆可在文学翻译中展现。有鉴于翻译诗学在文学翻译中体现最为突出和集中,本文的讨论主要围绕文学翻译与诗学的几个主要方面。在文学翻译的语境模式下,无论何种改写,究其本质仍是跨文化行为。故此,有效克服跨国别、跨种族及跨文化带来的交际障碍是文学翻译成功的关键。翻译诗学所面临的理论问题和应对策略,为文学翻译所处的困境持续不断地提出严峻的挑战。其中涉及跨文化语境下译者的身份问题、译文的接受和阅读的体验,以及改写和操纵的形式和性质。本文着重强调,因文学翻译尤其缺乏可迁性,由此形成了改写和操纵的空间。改写和操纵的动机和环境各异,具有不同的诗学功能和调节作用。此外,文学翻译不可回避的是文学性的辨识、捕捉以及在译文里的再现。成功的文学翻译需要译者创造力的发挥、跨文化语境下的文学语言的建构与美学表达,以实现与目标读者建立对话共鸣和视界融合。

Cross-cultural rewriting,whether through ideological,stylistic,or other mode of manipulation,is intimately intertwined with translation especially literary translation,whose lack of transferability creates the space for rewriting and manipulation.When differently motivated and contextualized,rewriting tends to perform different poetic functions and produce different regulative effects.Since literary translation remains essentially a cross-cultural act even with whatever rewriting it involves,its success depends on effectively overcoming the communicative barriers generated by transnational,interracial,and intercultural contexts.At stake in efforts to surmount these barriers are the translator's identity in a cross-cultural context,the readers'experience of receiving and reading the translated text,and the form and manner of rewriting and manipulation.Moreover,literary translation cannot avoid identifying,capturing,and rendering literary qualities in the translated text.Successful literary translation requires therefore the translator's creativity in constructing expressive and aesthetically satisfying literary language in a cross-cultural context,so that the translation can initiate a dialogue,produce a resonance,and bring about a fusion of vision with the target reader.