基于DEA-Malmquist模型的“西部陆海新通道”沿线省市区入境旅游效率研究

A Study on the Efficiency of Inbound Tourism of Provinces and Municipalities along New Land-Sea Corridor Based on DEA-Malmquist Model

以“陆海新通道”沿线的西南五省市区(重庆、四川、云南、广西和贵州)为研究对象,运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,从静态和动态两个维度,对2010—2019年西南五省市区入境旅游效率进行评价,并运用面板Tobit模型分析影响因素。研究发现:“陆海新通道”沿线省市区入境旅游效率存在明显的异质性,重庆、云南和广西三地入境旅游综合效率达到最优水平,规模低效和技术落后是入境旅游效率提升的主要障碍;就旅游企业投入要素而言,重庆和云南表现较佳,其余三地均存在投入冗余现象。建议沿线省市区借助陆海新通道加强对外开放,提升旅游管理水平,优化交通设施建设,加强文旅融合,实现入境旅游效率最大化,促进区域入境旅游协调发展。

Targeting at five key southwestern provinces and municipalities(Chongqing,Sichuan,Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou)along the New Western Land-Sea Corridor,this paper applies the DEA-Malmquist index model to evaluate their inbound tourism efficiency of the five provinces and municipalities during 2010—2019 from the static and dynamic dimensions,and applies panel Tobit model to analyze the influencing factors.The results show obvious heterogeneity in the efficiency of inbound tourism in this area.The comprehensive efficiency of inbound tourism in Chongqing,Yunnan and Guangxi has reached the optimal level,with inefficient scale and lag in technology as the major obstacles of the growth of inbound tourism efficiency.In terms of tourism enterprises inputs,Chongqing and Yunnan performed better than the other three provinces,which suffered from redundant investment.It is suggested that the provinces and municipalities along the land-sea corridor enhance opening to the world,improve the level of tourism management,optimize the construction of transportation facilities,and strengthen the integration of culture and tourism,in order to maximize the efficiency of inbound tourism and coordinate the development of regional inbound tourism.