我国伟晶岩型锂铍稀有金属矿石及其浮选分离研究综述

Review on Pegmatite Li-Be-bearing Rare Metal Ore and Its Flotation Separation in China

伟晶岩型锂铍稀有金属矿是战略性矿产资源;锂铍稀有金属矿石的浮选分离是目前锂矿研究的世界性难题之一。介绍了常见伟晶岩型锂铍稀有金属矿性质及矿物晶体特性,概述了我国伟晶岩型含绿柱石的锂辉石矿石锂铍浮选工艺、浮选药剂及浮选机理等方面研究现状。目前基于浮选药剂作用强化锂铍矿物与脉石表面特性差异,实现锂辉石与绿柱石的高效分离是细粒浸染型含绿柱石伟晶岩型锂辉石矿石主要的分选方法。锂辉石、绿柱石与主要脉石长石和石英均为硅酸盐矿物,矿物表面特性相近,实现锂铍分离的关键是寻找合适浮选药剂,实现矿物表面选择性溶蚀,扩大锂辉石与绿柱石、目的矿物与脉石矿物的可浮性差异,实现锂铍的综合回收。未来发展趋势是采用基于密度泛函理论Materials Studio软件、AFM等现代检测分析手段深化研究伟晶岩型锂铍稀有金属矿矿石性质和矿物晶体表面的基因特性,采用高效活化剂与抑制剂及联合浮选工艺实现锂辉石和绿柱石的精细化高效分离;此外锂铍浮选捕收剂的低温化、捕收剂阴阳离子混合复配化以及浮选机理研究更加微观量化也是未来的研究发展方向。

Pegmatite type Li-Be-bearing rare metal ore is a strategic mineral resource.Flotation separation of lithium beryllium rare metal ore is one of the difficult problems in lithium ore research.The mineral properties and crystal characteristics of common pegmatite type lithium beryllium rare metal ore are briefly introduced,and the research status of flotation process,flotation reagent and flotation mechanism of pegmatite type lithium beryllium rare metal ore are summarized.Spodumene and beryl and main gangue feldspar and quartz are silicate minerals,so these mineral surface properties are similar.Enhanced their floatability difference between spodumene and beryl,Li-Be minerals and gangue by adding flotation reagents and realized efficient separation of spodumene and beryl,Li-Be minerals and gangue,which is the main commonly used separation methods of fine-grained disseminated pegmatite spodumene ore with beryl.The future development trend is to use modern detection and analysis methods such as DFT(density functional theory)-based Materials Studio software,and AFM to study ore mineralogy and mineral crystal surface gene characteristics of pegmatite type Li-Be rare metal ore.Furthermore,another trend is to achieve efficient separation of spodumene and beryl by using high efficiency activator and inhibitor and combined flotation process.Besides,developing flotation collectors used in lower temperature,mixing of anionic collector and cationic collector,and more micro-quantitative flotation mechanism research are also the future research development direction.