儿童视角下幼儿计划能力提升的行动研究——以户外自主游戏为背景

Action Research on the Improvement of Early Childhood Planning Ability from the Perspective of Children——Taking Outdoor Independent Games as the Background

以户外自主游戏为背景,运用观察法和访谈法,探究儿童视角下幼儿计划能力提升的三轮行动过程,包括粗略感知、改进提高、合作整合三个阶段。在这三轮行动中,幼儿从学会制订计划到实施计划再到回顾计划,其计划意识不断增强,计划能力不断提高。每轮行动中均运用马赛克方法,以确保儿童视角真正落实。通过对行动研究中幼儿计划能力提升路径的深入反思,发现幼儿在自主性游戏中探寻破解计划之锁的“钥匙”,在“慢探索”中静心感受计划提升的“乐趣”,从“局部”到“整体”中感知计划的“全貌”。文章从三个方面提出培养幼儿计划能力的建议:尊重幼儿,鼓励幼儿计划的自主性;为幼儿提供足够的空间支持,提升幼儿计划的成就感;为幼儿提供“鹰架”支撑,促进幼儿计划的多元化。

Taking the outdoor independent games as the background and using the methods of observation and interview, this paper explores the three rounds of action process of improving early childhood planning ability from the perspective of children, including rough perception, improvement and enhancement, cooperation and integration, so the development of early childhood planning ability is from formulation to implementation and then to review.Mosaic method is used in each round of action to ensure the real implementation of children’s perspective.Through in-depth reflection on the promotion path of early childhood planning in action research, it is found that children explore the "key " to break the lock of plan in independent games;meditate and feel the "fun" of the promotion plan in the "slow exploration ";perceive the "whole picture" of the plan from "partial " to "whole".This paper puts forward some suggestions on cultivating children’s planning ability from three aspects: respecting children and encouraging their autonomy in planning;providing enough space support for children to enhance their sense of fulfillment;and providing scaffolding support for children to promote the diversity of their planning.