伊朗教育世俗化改革及其对两次革命爆发的影响

The Educational Secularization Reform and Its Influence on the Outbreak of Two Revolutions in Iran

教育世俗化改革是伊朗现代化的重要内容,考察立宪革命和伊斯兰革命发生的历史背景,无不与教育世俗化改革有着密切关联。教育世俗化改革剥夺乌莱玛的教育垄断权,教育成为乌莱玛与世俗政府竞相角逐的权力领域;教育世俗化改革的“衍生物”现代知识分子站在政府的对立面,成为掀起两次革命的中坚力量;世俗政府推行的新式教育本质上是精英教育,上层社会通过获取教育优势进一步扩大社会鸿沟,普通民众未能普遍分享教育改革红利。教育世俗化改革在助推伊朗社会发展进步的同时,也成为诱发两次革命的重要因素,足见其在近代伊朗历史上不可忽视的作用。

Educational secularization is an important content of Iran’s modernization movement,investigating the historical background of the Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution,which has close relationship with educational secularization reform.The educational secularization reform deprived Ulama of its educational monopoly,making education an area of power that Ulama and the secular government had been fighting over for a long time.As the by-product of educational secularization reform,modern intellectuals stand on the opposite side of the government and became the backbone of the two revolutions.The new education which secular government implemented is essentially an elite education,in which upper class,through monopolizing the educational opportunities aim to expand social gap and the ordinary people fail to share the dividend of education reform.The educational secularization reform not only boosted the development and progress of Iranian society,but also triggered two far-reaching revolutions,which showed its important status in the modern history of Iran.