旅游型传统村落农户生计脆弱性评价

Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment of Rural Households in Traditional Tourism Villages

由于空间共域、景观共创、社会关系共情等特性,传统村落旅游开发给当地农户生产方式、收入来源、生活水平带来强烈干扰。为此,基于乡村振兴总要求构建旅游型传统村落农户生计脆弱性评价指标体系,在剖析主要影响因素后探寻背后过程机理。结论如下:(1)各生计类型中务农主导型脆弱性最高,务工主导型脆弱性最低,可见旅游开发并非都能迅速改善农户生计;(2)样本村中老洞和高椅农户生计脆弱性高,惹巴拉和皇都侗农户生计脆弱性低,出现差异的原因在于是否深度挖掘、保护传统文化,能否有效调动农户参与旅游经营;(3)价值认知、故土情怀、市场环境、地域文化等不同生计环境催生出具有地域差异的旅游模式,导致各村生计脆弱性不一的同时又反作用于生计环境,表现出明显的弹性与互动。最后通过旅游型传统村落农户生计影响过程机理透视,以期为改善村落生产生活环境、加强传统文化资源挖掘、促进村民共享旅游成果、提升农户生计水平、助力村落旅游发展提供参考意见。

Due to the characteristics of spatial co-domain, landscape co-creation and social relationship empathy, the tourism development in traditional villages has brought strong interference to the production mode, income source and living standard of local farmers.This paper constructs a vulnerability evaluation index system of farmers’ livelihoods in traditional villages based on the general requirements for rural revitalization. It explores the mechanism of influencing process after analyzing the main factors. The results are as follows:(1)Among the different livelihood types, the agriculture-oriented type has the highest vulnerability, while the job-oriented type is the lowest, showing that not all tourism development can rapidly improve farmers’ livelihoods.(2) The livelihood vulnerability of Laodong and Gaoyi village is high, while that of Rebala and Huangdudong is low. The reason lies in whether the traditional culture is deeply excavated and protected, and whether farmers can be effectively mobilized to participate in tourism management.(3)Different living environments, such as value perception, local feelings, market environment and regional culture, lead to different tourism patterns with regional differences, which leads to different degrees of vulnerability,and it has a reaction on the livelihood environment, showing obvious elasticity and interaction. Finally, through the perspective of the influence process mechanism,it is expected to provide advice for improving the production and living environment, the mining of traditional culture, the sharing of tourism achievements by villagers,the livelihood level of farmers, and the tourism development in villages.