塔里木河源流区生态补偿对农户可持续生计的影响及补偿方式改进研究

Study on the Impact of Ecological Compensation on Farmers’ Sustainable Livelihoods and the Improvement of Compensation Methods in the Headstream Areas of the Tarim River Basin

【目的/意义】选择适合的补偿方式是完善流域生态补偿机制的一项重要内容,也是我国当今流域生态保护治理的有效手段。【方法/过程】基于DFID可持续生计分析框架,构建结构方程模型,分析塔里木河源流区生态补偿政策在农户生计发展方面的实施效果,进而改进生态补偿方式,完善生态补偿机制。【结果/结论】结果表明:农户生计资本在生态补偿政策与可持续生计间存在部分中介。其中,对人力资本(0.326)的增值最明显,自然资本(0.119)次之,物质资本(0.003)最小,但不会通过社会资本与金融资本影响农户可持续生计。因此,在落实现有生态补偿政策的同时,应施行多样化的补偿方式,注重有关提升农户的技能及文化水平、创造生态帮扶就业岗位、保障居民身体健康等方面的扶持措施,兼以农资、节水设施等实物形式的补贴。

【Objective/Meaning】 Choosing a suitable compensation method is an important part of improving the ecological compensation mechanism of river basins, and it is also an effective means for the ecological protection and management of river basins in China. 【Methods/Procedures】Based on the DFID sustainable livelihood analysis framework, the structural equation model was built to analyze the implementation effect of the ecological compensation policy on the development of farmers ’livelihood in the headstream areas of the Tarim River Basin, so as to improves the ecological compensation method and the ecological compensation mechanism.【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that there was a partial mediation between the ecological compensation policy and the sustainable livelihood of farmers’ livelihood capital. Among them, the increment of human capital(0.326) was the most obvious, followed by the natural capital(0.119), and the material capital(0.003) was the least.However, it would not affect the sustainable livelihood of farmers through the social capital and financial capital. Therefore, when implementing the existing ecological compensation policies, the diversified compensation methods should be implemented, focusing on the supporting measures related to improving the skills and cultural level of farmers, creating the ecological supporting jobs, and ensuring the health of residents, as well as providing the subsidies in the form of agricultural supplies and water-saving facilities.