牙周病中固有淋巴细胞的研究进展

Research progress on innate lymphoid cells in periodontal diseases

固有淋巴细胞(ILCs)是固有免疫细胞的一员,也是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫的重要桥梁。它主要分布于黏膜屏障部位,参与病原体入侵的防御、组织损伤的修复、上皮屏障的维持和淋巴器官的形成,在肺、胃肠道组织中被广泛研究。根据其表达的转录因子、分泌的细胞因子和功能特点,可将ILCs分为3型:Ⅰ型ILCs、Ⅱ型ILCs和Ⅲ型ILCs;进一步可分为6个细胞亚群:自然杀伤细胞、ILC1、ILC2、ILC3、淋巴组织诱导细胞和调节性固有淋巴细胞。ILCs存在于健康和炎症牙周组织中,不同的ILCs亚型在牙周病的发生和发展过程中发挥着不同的作用,因此ILCs有可能成为牙周病治疗的新靶点。本文就ILCs的分类和功能,牙周组织中ILCs的特征,以及ILCs在牙周病中的作用进行综述。

Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs) are a member of innate immune cells, which bridge the innate and adaptive immunities. ILCs are mainly distributed at mucosal barriers and participate in defense against pathogens, the repair of tissue,the maintenance of tissue integrity, and the formation of the lymphoid organ. They have been studied extensively in lungs and gastrointestinal tissues. On the basis of the expression of transcription factors, the secretion of cytokines, and the characteristics of functions, ILCs can be categorized into three subtypes: groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. With the constant deepening of the studies on ILCs, ILCs can now be classified into six subsets: natural killer cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, lymphoid-tissue inducers, and regulatory innate lymphoid cells. ILCs are found in healthy and inflammatory periodontal tissue and that different subtypes play distinct roles in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases. Therefore, these cells offer new strategies for the therapy of periodontal diseases. This article will review the classification and functions of ILCs, the characteristics of ILCs in periodontal tissue, and the roles of ILCs in periodontal diseases.