华北高产粮田在连续秸秆还田下耕地地力和粮食单产变化分析

Changes of Arable Land Fertility and Grain Yield Per Unit Area in North China under Continuous Straw Returning

对华北地区桓台县域内从1982年全国第二次土壤普查,到2020年这38年的土壤养分化验结果进行研究分析,发现桓台县在长期秸秆还田的情况下土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等常规养分呈上升趋势,小麦、玉米单产从开始几年的快速提升到达到15 t/hm^(2)左右以后则多年稳定在18 t/hm^(2)左右。连续小麦、玉米秸秆还田使桓台县土壤耕地地力有了较大的提升,不仅增加了有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分的含量,还增加了土壤涵养水分、提高了作物抗旱能力、降低了土壤容重、破除了土壤板结、改善了土壤结构、增加了土壤活性,更有利于作物生长,提高作物产量。

The soil nutrient test results from the second national soil survey in 1982 to 2020 in Huantai county in North China were analyzed.The results showed that soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and other conventional nutrients showed an increasing trend in Huantai county under long-term straw returning.The yield per unit area of wheat and maize increased rapidly from 15 t/hm^(2) in the first few years to about 18 t/hm^(2) after many years.Continuous wheat,corn straw returning to soil of Huantai county has greatly improve farmland productivity,not only increased the organic matter,alkali solution nitrogen,effective phosphorus,phosphorus and potassium nutrient content,also increased the soil moisture conservation crops drought-resistant ability,reduce the soil bulk density to break the soil harden and improve the soil structure,increased the activity of soil,more conducive to crop growth and increase crop yields.