中小学校园安全事故基本类型和校方责任研判

The Basic Types of Campus Safety Accidents in Primary and Secondary Schools and Responsibilities of School Authorities

校园安全事故可以划分为单纯校方侵权事故、职务侵权事故和他人侵权事故等三类.应从教育内容、教育手段、场所设施的危险性等方面判断学校是否尽到教育职责;并肯定未成年被害人的过错相抵原则.对教师履职行为的认定方面,应考虑行为的目的和可预见性;对于惩戒学生引发事故中的校方责任,应从实体和程序两方面考察惩戒措施合法性.学生间伤害案件中需从事故发生时间、起因、被害人自身过错、当事人的惯常表现等判断校方责任比例.

Campus safety accidents can be divided into three categories:pure school infringement accidents,duty infringement accidents and others’infringement accidents.Whether the schools have fulfilled their educational responsibilities should be judged from the aspects of educational contents,educational means,and the dangers of places and facilities.The principle of fault offset of minor victims is affirmed.As for the identification of teachers’performance of duties,the purpose and predictability of the behavior should be considered;For the responsibility of the school in the accidents caused by punishing students,the legitimacy of disciplinary measures should be investigated from both the substantive and procedural aspects.In the case of injury among students,it is necessary to judge the responsibility proportion of the school from the time of the accident,the cause,the victim's own fault,the habitual performance of the parties,etc.