森林火灾遥感探测技术研究进展

Research Progress of Remote Sensing Detection Technology of Forest Fire

森林火灾是陆地生态系统重要的自然干扰之一,也是森林面临的主要自然灾害。多源遥感技术在森林火灾探测中应用,使得森林火灾的早期探测与实时监测成为可能,遥感技术已成为森林火灾监测和防控的重要手段。本研究综述了遥感技术在森林火灾相关研究方面的应用进展,从灾前、灾时、灾后3个阶段,分析了遥感技术和方法在森林可燃物调查及载量评估、火场态势监测、火险等级预测预报、火烧迹地识别、火后森林受害评估以及植被修复等方面的应用,总结了现有研究方法中存在的问题,展望了未来森林火灾探测技术的发展方向。多源多尺度遥感探测技术如将无人机、雷达、航空遥感与航天遥感等互相结合,多方位进行森林火前火后监测,为火险等级预报、森林火灾防控、火后森林结构和功能的恢复提供依据。

Forest fire is an important natural disturbance to terrestrial ecosystem,and is also an major disaster for forests.The application of multi-source remote sensing technology to the detection of forest fire,which has made it possible to find early burning and real-time monitoring of the fire.Remote sensing has become a crucially important method to monitor and protect forest fire.This paper reviewed the latest progresses on the application of remote sensing technology to forest fire studies,analyzed the application of remote sensing technology and methods in forest fuel load assessment,fire behavior monitoring,fire risk prediction,identification of burning area,damage assessment of forest fire,and vegetation recovery,summarized the deficiencies in existing methods from three stages(before,during and after a fire),and prospected the development of remote sensing technology for forest fire detection in future.The combination among multi-source remote sensing technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle,LIDAR,aerial remote sensing,and aerospace remote sensing would monitor the pre-fire and postfire conditions of forests in multi-scale,which would provide the theoretical basis for the prediction of forest fire risk,the prevention of forest fire,and the restoration of burned-forest structure and function.