海南省5个国家级自然保护区景观格局时空变化比较研究

Comparison of Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of the Landscape Patterns of 5 National Nature Reserves in Hainan Province

基于2015、2020年的30 m地表覆盖数据,采用景观格局指数和动态变化模型,分析海南省霸王岭、尖峰岭、吊罗山、五指山及鹦哥岭5个国家级自然保护区景观格局时空变化规律,并利用PLUS模型探究其驱动因素。结果表明,近5 a各保护区整体景观变化基本一致,均呈现破碎化减弱、景观集聚发展态势,具体表现为优势种群常绿阔叶林扩张,针叶林、灌木林面积减少;差异主要体现为鹦哥岭各景观类型面积变化量最大,五指山各景观类型占比变化最显著。景观演变的驱动因子主要为高程与人为因素,核心区高海拔林地较为稳定,但边缘缓冲区易受人为干扰而较脆弱。建议各保护区之间应增强沟通连接,基于热带雨林国家公园形成体系化管理,有针对性地开展生态修复工作。

The national nature reserves in Hainan Province are important habitats for the survival and reproduction of rare tropical plant and animal species in China.The study of spatial and temporal dynamics of the landscape patterns can provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development and conservation of nature reserves.Based on 30 m land cover data in 2015 and 2020,the landscape pattern indexes and landscape dynamic models were used,to analyze the spatial and temporal change characteristics in landscape patterns in Hainan's five national nature reserves:Bawangling,Jianfengling,Diaoluoshan,Wuzhishan and Yinggeling,and the driving factors of landscape change were explored by using the PLUS model.The results showed that the overall landscape of each reserve in the past five years were generally consistent,fragmentation was decreasing and landscape agglomeration was strengthening,which was reflected by the expansion of evergreen broadleaved forests with the dominant species communities and the decrease of coniferous forests and shrub land.The differences were mainly reflected in the largest amount of area change for each landscape type in the Yinggeling reserve,and the most significant change in the proportion of each landscape types in the Wuzhishan reserve.The main driving factors of landscape evolution were elevation and human factors.The forests in the high elevation core area were more stable,but those in the edge buffers were more fragile due to susceptibility to human disturbance.It was suggested that connection among protected areas should be enhanced,and systematic management measures should be proposed based on tropical rainforest national park,and the ecological restoration should be carried out in a targeted manner.