低分子肝素皮下注射致皮下瘀斑的预防研究进展

Research progress on prevention of subcutaneous ecchymosis caused by subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin

低分子肝素(LMWH)首选腹部注射部位,并采用表盘注射卡轮换注射部位,匀速、缓慢注射并至少按压5 min,应用人机交互智能按压包代替人工按压的创新性干预措施,注射前或注射后冷敷3~4 min,及时关注患者感受等,可达到预防或减少皮下瘀斑的目的。但关于LMWH最佳的注射时间、按压时间以及注射部位冷敷时间仍需完善。本文阐述了LMWH在优化注射技术及创新技术应用方面的策略,综述了LMWH皮下注射致皮下瘀斑的预防研究进展。

The purpose of preventing or reducing subcutaneous ecchymosis can be achieved by selecting abdomen first,using dial injection cards to rotate injection sites,injecting low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)at a constant and slow rate and pressing for at least 5 min,using human-computer interactive intelligent pressing bags to replace innovative intervention measures of manual pressing,applying cold compress for 3 to 4 minutes before or after injection,paying attention to patients’feelings and other measures.However,the best injection time,pressing time and cold compress time of LMWH injection site still need to be improved.This paper describes the strategies of LMWH in optimizing injection technology and innovative technology application,and summarizes the research progress in prevention of subcutaneous ecchymosis caused by LMWH subcutaneous injection.