高质量发展背景下高等职业教育的类型与定位——以蔡元培高等学校分类思想为分析中心

The Type and Orientation of Higher Vocational Education under the Background of High Quality Development——Taking Cai Yuanpei’s Classification Thought of Colleges and Universities as the Analysis Center

办好高等职业教育是实现高等职业教育高质量发展的必由之路,实现高等职业教育和普通高等教育的“地位相等、性质不同”则是优化高等职业教育类型地位的前提。在中国现代高等教育起步阶段,蔡元培的高等学校分类思想中蕴含了普通高等教育和高等职业教育地位平等、但性质不同的萌芽。蔡元培主张应当通过学术分校来分别培养学问人才和实用型人才,希望所有高等专门学校均升格为大学。蔡元培的高等学校分类主张启示我们:发展本科层次以上高等职业教育是优化职业教育类型地位的重要保证;理性调适高等职业院校层次提升和数量扩充是优化高等职业教育类型地位的实践保障;地方普通本科院校的学科积淀是优化高等职业教育类型地位不可或缺的因素。

Running higher vocational education well is the only way to realize the high-quality development of higher vocational education,and realizing the "equal status and different nature" of higher vocational education and general higher education is the premise to optimize the status of higher vocational education type.At the initial stage of modern higher education in China,Cai Yuanpei’s classification of colleges and universities contains the seeds of equal status but different natures of ordinary higher education and higher vocational education.Cai Yuanpei advocated that academic branch schools should be used to cultivate academic talents and practical talents respectively,and hoped that all specialized colleges and universities would be upgraded to universities.Cai Yuanpei’s classification of colleges and universities enlightens us that the development of higher vocational education above the undergraduate level is an important guarantee for optimizing the status of vocational education types;Rationally adjusting the level promotion and quantity expansion of higher vocational colleges is the practical guarantee for optimizing the status of higher vocational education types;The discipline accumulation of local ordinary undergraduate colleges is an indispensable factor to optimize the status of higher vocational education.