《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与马克思政治哲学的叙事转变

1844 Economics and Philosophy Manuscript and Marx’s Narrative Transformation of Political Philosophy

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中马克思的政治哲学叙事发生了重要转变,其“类生活”的理论内涵由公共政治生活转变为经济生活,并由此将“类政治哲学批判”拓展为“类政治经济学批判”,其政治哲学批判的工具也从“分离”转换为“异化”。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的政治哲学叙事明显受到了卢梭的影响,从之前的“政治国家”与“市民社会”分离的共时态分析叙事演变为“自然状态—现实性批判环节—未来理想共同体”的历时态批判叙事。马克思用“社会”替代了“作为人民整体的国家”作为自己新的理想共同体指称,标志着其社会共同体的正式登场,也是马克思政治哲学走向独立的标志。

In the 1844 Economics and Philosophy Manuscript,Marx’s narrative of political philosophy underwent an important transformation.Its theoretical connotation of "quasi life" has changed from public political life to economic life,and thus "quasi political philosophy criticism" has been expanded to "quasi political economy criticism",and the tools of its political philosophy criticism have also changed from "separation" to "alienation".The narrative of political philosophy of 1844 Economics and Philosophy Manuscript was obviously influenced by Rousseau’s tradition.The previous synchronic analytic narrative of the separation of "political state" and "civil society" evolved into a diachronic critical narrative of "natural state-realistic critical stage-future ideal community".Marx used "society" instead of "the country as a whole of the people" as his new reference of the ideal community.This marks the official appearance of its social community,and also marks the independence of Marx’s political philosophy.