中药方剂白头翁汤历史沿革及研究概况

Historical Evolution and Research Survey of Chinese Medicine Baitouweng Decoction(白头翁汤)

白头翁汤始载于《伤寒论》,主要由白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连共四味中药组成,具有清热解毒、凉血止痢之效,临床多用于痢疾、肠炎等肠道疾病的治疗。现代药理研究表明,白头翁汤具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、调节免疫系统等多种药理作用。相较于药理作用机制的深入研究,关于白头翁汤药效物质的研究稍显薄弱。另外,由于历代本草关于方中君药白头翁产地、生境及性状特征的记载不清晰,且白头翁资源匮乏,因而,目前市场上白头翁品种较为混乱,限制了白头翁汤的进一步应用。鉴于白头翁汤在肠道疾病中重要的临床应用与广泛的药理作用,该文从古籍记载、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用等方面全面系统地综述白头翁汤研究现状,为白头翁汤的进一步研究提供一定的理论依据。

Baitouweng Decoction(白头翁汤)was first published in Treatise on Febrille Diseases.It is mainly composed of Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix),Qinpi(Fraxini Cortex),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)and Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma).It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials,cooling blood and stopping dysentery.It is often used in clinic to treat intestinal diseases such as dysentery and enteritis.Modern pharmacological studies show that Baitouweng Decoction has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,anti-tumor and immune system regulation.Compared with the in-depth study of pharmacological mechanism,the research on the effective substances of Baitouweng Decoction is slightly weak.In addition,due to the unclear records of the place of origin,habitat,characteristics of Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix)and the lack of Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix)resources,the varieties of Baitouweng(Pulsatillae Radix)in the market are rather confusing at present,which limits the further application of Baitouweng Decoction.In view of the important clinical application and extensive pharmacological effects of Baitouweng Decoction in intestinal diseases,this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the research status of Baitouweng Decoction from the aspects of ancient records,chemical composition,pharmacological effects,clinical application,etc.,in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the further study of Baitouweng Decoction.