葡萄枝条资源化利用研究现状及进展

Status and prospect of resource utilization for grape vine stalks

中国是葡萄生产大国,随着葡萄产业的发展,每年修剪产生大量葡萄残枝,因葡萄枝条资源化利用率低而引起资源浪费和环境污染等突出问题。因此,葡萄枝条作为可再生生物质资源,其开发利用既可以减轻环境污染,改善生态环境,创造新的经济增长点,推进美丽乡村建设,也符合“双碳”发展目标,是实现资源、环境和经济可持续发展的有效途径。该研究围绕葡萄枝条资源化开发利用总目标,从肥料化、燃料化、原料化3个方面对葡萄枝条资源化综合利用现状和研究进展做了系统分析,总结了现有发展存在的问题,并对未来前景进行了展望,以期为葡萄枝条高值高效资源化综合利用和农业绿色可持续发展提供参考。

Grape(Vitis vinifera)is one of the most widely spread and the largest productive fruit crops in the world.It can be eaten fresh as the table grapes,or used for making wine,jam,and juice.A high productive of grapes is also found in China.For instance,14.8 million tons of grapes were produced,and the area under the grape cultivation was 7.68×104 hm2 in China in 2020.The yield and planting area of grape have been ranked at first and second around the world,respectively.There are many pruned grape vine stalks every year,particularly with the development of the grape industry.Grape vine stalks are rich in the lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose,in order to serve as the renewable biomass resource with the high content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and organic nutrients.However,the utilization rate of grape vine stalks is very low,leading to the waste of biomass resources and environmental pollution.Large-scale utilization and development of grape vine stalks can greatly contribute to the low-carbon economic development,ecological civilization construction,and energy revolution.In addition,it is of great significance to ensure the national strategies implementation in China,such as the beautiful villages’construction,the goal of“carbon neutrality”,and global climate change.Therefore,this study aims to focus mainly on the general goal of comprehensive utilization of pruned grape vine stalks.Currently,the grape vine stalks are mainly used as the fertilizer,fuel and raw material.Among them,the fertilizer can be mainly divided into returning to the field directly after crushing,and composting.Besides,the aqueous extract and biochar from the grape vine stalks can be applied as the foliar fertilizer and soil amendment,respectively.In fuel,the grape vine stalks have the high energy storage suitable for the production of biomass fuels.The energy potential of biomass resources was also evaluated to identify the fuel convention mode.Moreover,the fuel convention mode of grape vine stalks was divided into the direct combustion,gasification,liquefaction,and carbonization.In raw material,the high value and performance of products were made from the grape vine stalk,due to the richness in biomass contents.Nowadays,the grape vine stalks are used as raw material for the research hotspot.The main utilization modes include the high-value compound extract,study making,particle board manufacturing,and active carbon preparation.A series of investigations were conducted to extract the high-value compounds,such as phenolic,oligosaccharides,reducing sugar,and protein.The extraction included the conventional way,ultrasonic adjunct,microwave-assisted,solid-liquid,superheated liquid,and high-voltage electrical discharges.Overall,the integrated utilization of grape vine stalks is the reasonable way as the renewable energy sources for the sustainable development of resources,environment and economy.Finally,the existing approaches were summarize to evaluate the development prospects for the comprehensive utilization of grape vine stalks.This review can provide a strong reference for the high value and efficiency integrated utilization of grape vine stalks,in order to promote the green and sustainable development of agriculture.