梅州客家山歌的保护与传承调查研究

A Study of the Protection and Inheritance of Meizhou Hakka Folk Songs

近十几年来,梅州客家山歌遭受冷遇,面临青黄不接的传承窘境。访谈作为传承主体的梅州当地文化部门人员、客家山歌传承人和一线演员,发现客家方言的衰退影响着客家山歌的传承,客家山歌的保护与传承面临土壤丧失、人才断层、创新不足等现实困境,客家山歌的有效保护与传承难在保护政策的落实,但客家山歌的保护与传承契合乡村振兴战略,客家山歌新作品的创作既要守正更要创新。建议:(1)当地政府改变观念,做好组织协调,把非遗保护和传承落到实处;(2)政府、剧团、演艺公司等加大海内外交流和宣传力度,创新宣传形式;(3)剧团、演艺公司、歌手加强作品和表演形式的创新;(4)借助粤港澳大湾区和“一带一路”平台,走市场化和产业化道路。

In the past decade,Meizhou Hakka folk songs have been ignored and faced with the difficulty of inheritance.Through interviews with relevant agents,such as local cultural departments,inheritors,and front-line actors,it is found that the decline of the Hakka dialect has aff ected the inheritance of Hakka folk songs.The protection and inheritance of Hakka folk songs are faced with various practical diffi culties such as the loss of contexts,the shortage of talents,and the lack of innovation.Although it is diffi cult to implement protection policies,the protection and inheritance of Hakka folk songs is in line with the national strategy of rural revitalization.The creation of new Hakka folk songs should be both conservative and innovative.Suggestions are put forward as follows:fi rstly,the local government should change its views in order to organize,coordinate,and implement the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage;secondly,the government,art troupes,and arts companies should strengthen the communication and publicity at home and abroad,and innovate the forms of publicity;thirdly,art troupes,arts companies and singers should strengthen the innovation of works and performance forms;fi nally,taking the road of marketization and industrialization with the aid of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the“the Belt and Road”platform.