黄河流域农业面源污染治理研究

Study on Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in the Yellow River Basin

目前,黄河流域生态环境脆弱,水源涵养能力严重下降,流域遭受来自工业、城市生活和农业面源的各种污染。近20年来,黄河流域的城镇化率从26.29%上升到56.23%,污水排放量也从2007年的1 249.5亿t增加到2017年的1 800.6亿t,年均增长率达到3.78%,高于全国平均水平。其中,农业面源污染已成为黄河流域水质污染的重要组成部分,涉及农田水土流失、农业生产、农村居民点和畜牧业等。本文总结了农业面源污染物迁移转化过程的各种影响因素及其关系,并根据不同水源地的水环境现状,分类提出防治措施,以期为黄河流域农业面源污染防治提供理论参考。

At present,the ecological environment of the Yellow River basin is fragile,the water conservation capacity is seriously reduced,and the basin is subject to various pollution from industry,urban life and agricultural non-point sources.In the past 20 years,the urbanization rate of the Yellow River basin has increased from 26.29% to 56.23%,and the sewage discharge has also increased from 124.95 billion tons in 2007 to 180.6 billion tons in 2017,with an average annual growth rate of 3.78%,higher than the national average.Among them,agricultural non-point source pollution has become an important part of water pollution in the Yellow River basin,involving farmland water and soil loss,agricultural production,rural settlements and animal husbandry.In this paper,various influencing factors and their relationships in the migration and transformation process of agricultural non-point source pollutants are summarized,and according to the current situation of water environment in different water sources,prevention and control measures are proposed by classification,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Yellow River basin.