肠梗阻术中无损伤肠减压装置的设计与应用效果

Design and application effect of non-injury intestinal decompression device in intestinal obstruction surgery

目的设计制作无损伤肠减压装置并探讨其在肠梗阻患者术中行密闭式肠减压的效果。方法选取2020年1月至2021年9月在我院行肠减压术的78例肠梗阻患者作为研究对象,采用掷硬币法将其分为对照组(n=40例)和实验组(n=38例)。对照组采用传统肠减压方法,实验组采用自行设计的无损伤肠减压装置法(装置包括螺纹管、收纳袋、锥筒、平椎调节器、尾管、第一通孔、第二通孔共7部分)。比较两组患者肠内容物污染术野例数、肠内容减压引流量、肠减压操作时间、手术时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等指标。结果两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组肠内容物污染术野例数为10例(26.32%),对照组40例(100%);两组肠内容减压引流量差异有统计学意义[750.00(728.75,827.50)mL vs.535.00(520.00,557.50)mL,P<0.05];实验组肠减压操作时间、手术时间及住院时间均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组无切口感染,对照组6例,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组的其他腹腔感染及吻合口瘘、肠造瘘口相关并发症等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无损伤肠减压装置能够在肠梗阻手术中进行密闭式肠减压,减少术野污染,缩短手术和住院时间,降低切口感染发生率。

Objective To design and manufacture a non-destructive intestinal decompression device and explore its effect on closed intestinal decompression in patients with intestinal obstruction.Methods A total of 78 patients with intestinal obstruction who underwent intestinal decompression in our hospital from January 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the research subjects:40 in the control group and 38 in the experimental group.The traditional intestinal decompression method was used in the control group while the non-invasive intestinal decompression device method was used in the experimental group.We compared the number of cases of intestinal content pollution,drainage volume of intestinal content decompression,operation time,hospital stay,incidence of complications,and other indexes between the two groups.Results The two groups did no significantly differ in the general data(P>0.05).There were 10 cases(26.32%)of intestinal content pollution in the experimental group and 40 cases(100%)in the control group.The intestinal decompression drainage volume in the experimental group was 750.00(728.75,827.50)mL and 535.00(520.00557.50)mL in the control group,with significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The operation time,operation time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).There was no incision infection in the experimental group but 6 cases in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in other abdominal infection,anastomotic fistula,or enterostomy-related complications(P>0.05).Conclusion The non-invasive intestinal decompression device can perform closed intestinal decompression in the operation of intestinal obstruction,reduce the pollution of the operation field,shorten operation time and hospital stay,and reduce the incidence of incision infection.