静息态功能磁共振成像在青光眼疾病中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in glaucoma

青光眼是全球第一大不可逆致盲性眼病,是一组以特征性视神经损伤和视野缺损为共同特征的神经眼科疾病。已有多项研究表明,青光眼的损害不仅局限于眼球局部视神经节细胞的凋亡,而且会累及大脑视皮层整个视觉通路,是一种全脑神经退行性疾病。近年来,功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术飞速发展,将神经系统的解剖和功能相结合,使局部脑组织的损伤与脑功能的缺失对应起来,可以实现在无创条件下观察中枢神经系统解剖结构及功能变化,为青光眼病理机制的研究提供了有效证据。而静息态功能磁共振成像(resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rs-fMRI)作为神经影像学的热点研究技术,为探讨青光眼患者视觉相关脑区的解剖结构、代谢以及功能改变提供了影像学支持。本综述主要讨论了rs-fMRI的基本原理以及低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)、局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)、度中心度(degree centrality,DC)、功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)等几种较为常用的分析方法在青光眼中应用的研究进展。

·Glaucoma is the world’s No.1 irreversible disease causing blindness.It is one of the neuroophthalmic diseases characterized by an optic nerve injury and visual field defect.Numerous studies have shown that the damage caused by glaucoma is not only limited to the apoptosis of local visual ganglion cells in the eye,but also involves the entire visual pathway of the cerebral visual cortex,which is a neurodegenerative disease of the entire brain.Recently,with the rapid development of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),anatomy and function of nervous system are combined,so that the damage of local brain tissue corresponds to the lack of brain function,which helped in achieving the observation of anatomical structure and functional changes of the central nervous system under non-invasive conditions,thus providing the effective evidence for the pathological mechanism in glaucoma’s research.Being a popular research technology in neuroimaging,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)provides important evidences for exploring the anatomical structure,metabolism and functional changes of vision-related brain regions in patients with glaucoma.This review mainly discusses the principle of rs-fMRI and some common analysis methods such as amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),degree centrality(DC)and functional connectivity(FC)in the application and research progress in glaucoma.