油莎豆排种器的试验研究

Experimental Research on Seed Metering Device for Cyperus esculentus

对油莎豆的物理特性进行了研究,测量了用于试验的油莎豆的三轴尺寸,三轴平均径为12.72 mm,几何平均径为12.68 mm,千粒重为1386.79 g,含水率为38.98%,动、静摩擦系数分别为0.36、0.28,休止角为28.80°;采用台架试验分别对气吸式、指夹式、毛刷式排种器进行了相关试验,分析并讨论了各排种器的优缺点和适用条件,为油莎豆的播种提供理论依据。研究表明,经过改进排种盘的气吸式排种器效果最好,当其转速为25 r/min即播种速度为4 km/h时,其排种的合格率最高,达到99.52%,漏播率为0.48%;经过调整指夹张口角度后的指夹式排种器转速为75 r/min即播种速度为8 km/h时,其排种合格率为89.96%,重播率为5.72%,漏播率为4.32%;经过改进后的毛刷式排种器在转速为26 r/min即播种速度为6 km/h时,其排种合格率为91.10%,重播率为5.40%,漏播率为3.50%。

In this paper,the physical properties of Cyperus esculentus were studied,and the triaxial dimensions of Cyperus esculentus used for the test were measured.The triaxial average diameter was 12.72 mm.The geometric average diameter was 12.68 mm.The thousand-kernel weight was 1386.79 g,and the moisture content was 38.98%.The coefficients of dynamic and static friction were 0.36,0.28.The angle of repose was 28.80°,and then the bench test was mainly used to carry out related tests on the air suction,finger clip,and brush type seed metering devices.The advantages and shortcomings of various seed metering devices and applicable conditions were analyzed and discussed,which could provide relevant theoretical basis for the sowing of Cyperus esculentus.After the bench test,it could be concluded that the air-suction seed metering device with the improved seed metering plate had the best effect.When the speed was 25 r/min,that was,the seeding speed was 4 km/h,the seeding pass rate was the highest,reaching 99.52%,and the seeding rate was 0.48%.The finger-clamp-type seed metering device after adjusting the opening angle of the finger-clamp was 89.96%qualified for seeding,the replay rate was 5.72%,and the missed sowing rate was 89.96%at 75 r/min,that was,when the sowing speed was 8 km/h.When the speed was 26 r/min,that was,the seeding speed was 6 km/h,the seeding pass rate was 91.10%.The replay rate was 5.40%,and the missed seeding rate was 3.50%.