江苏省二孩家庭4~6岁儿童行为问题及影响因素分析

Study on the behavioral problems and influencing factors of 4-6 years old children in two-child families in Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏省二孩家庭中4~6岁儿童行为问题及家庭养育环境现状,探讨行为问题的影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取江苏省7个城市中符合条件的2053名4~6岁儿童,采用自制家庭人口学问卷、4~16岁Achenbach儿童行为量表、3~6岁幼儿家庭养育环境量表进行调查研究,并采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归等进行统计学分析。结果江苏省二孩家庭4~6岁儿童行为问题的总检出率高达21.7%,女童检出率(23.77%)高于男童(17.36%),6岁年龄组检出率(23.42%)高于4~5岁年龄组儿童(19.32%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为12.913和4.599,P<0.05)。不良家庭养育环境检出率为9.55%,有行为问题儿童的家庭养育环境总分及各因子得分均显著低于无行为问题儿童(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在二孩家庭中,女童、其他人作为主要抚养人、同胞年龄差为3~6岁是影响4~6岁儿童行为发展的危险因素(OR值分别为1.503、1.539、1.685,P<0.05);而正常的家庭养育环境、民主的家庭教养方式、父亲每周陪伴时间为7~14h和>14h为儿童良好发展的保护因素(OR值分别为0.431、0.709、0.435、0.706,P<0.05)。结论江苏省二孩家庭4~6岁学龄前儿童行为问题检出率较高,受性别、同胞年龄差、家庭养育环境等多因素影响,对相关因素应予以充分关注,以促进二孩家庭儿童行为健康发展。

Objective To study the behavioral problems and home nurture environment of 4-6 years old children in two-child families in Jiangsu Province and to explore the influencing factors of behavioral problems.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method,2053 eligible children aged 4-6 years in 7 cities of Jiangsu Province were investigated.The self-made family demographic questionnaire,4-16 years Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and 3-6 Years Child Home Nurture Environment Scale were used to investigate.One-way variance and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The total detection rate of behavior problems among children aged 4-6 years in two-child families in Jiangsu Province was 21.7%.The detection rate of girls(23.77%)was higher than that of boys(17.36%),the detection rate of children aged 6 years(23.42%)was higher than that of children aged 4-5 years(19.32%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=12.913 and 4.599,respectively,P<0.05).The detection rate of adverse home nurture environment was 9.55%.In addition,the scores of each environmental factor and total scores in children with behavioral problems were significantly lower than those in children without behavioral problems(P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,in two-child families,female,other people as the main caregivers,and the 3-6 years age difference between siblings were the dangerous influencing factors of behavior development of children aged 4-6 years(OR=1.503,1.539 and 1.685,respectively,P<0.05),while the normal family nurture environment,democratic family upbringing style and parents′weekly accompanying time of 7-14 h and>14 h were the protective factors of children′s good development(OR=0.431,0.709,0.435 and 0.706,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of behavioral problems in preschool children aged 4-6 years in two-child families in Jiangsu Province is high,which is affected by multiple factors such as gender,sibling age difference and home nurture environment.Sufficient attention should be paid to relevant factors,so as to promote the healthy development of behavior in two-child families.