教师的教科书使用取向研究:基于二维模型的课堂实录分析

A Study of Teachers’ Textbook Usage Orientation: A Two-dimensional Model-based Analysis of Classroom Records

教科书是最重要的教学材料。实现教科书价值需要关注教师的教科书使用。目前学界把教师对教科书的使用类型分为忠实取向、调适取向和创生取向,并给出了详细界定。但是在实践研究中,很多学者过度关注教科书中的学科知识,忽略了教科书隐含的内在价值。通过构建教师使用教科书取向的二维模型,分析课堂实录中24名优秀教师的教科书使用取向情况,结果表明,24名教师的取向类型分布均衡并且都有依赖主观内容的现象,教科书版本和授课学段会影响教师使用教科书的取向。因此,需要正确认知教科书使用取向,重视主观内容的设计和使用,提升教师的教科书素养。

Textbooks are the most important teaching materials. Realizing the value of textbooks requires the attention to teachers’ textbook use. At present,the academic circles divide teachers ’use of textbooks into fidelity orientation,adaptive orientation and creation orientation,and give detailed definitions of them. However,in practical research,many scholars pay too much attention to the subject knowledge in textbooks,ignoring the implicit intrinsic value of textbooks. A two-dimensional model of teachers ’orientation toward using textbooks is constructed,and the model is used to analyze the orientation of 24 excellent teachers in the use of textbooks in the classroom records. The results show that the distribution of orientation types of the 24 teachers is balanced and depends on subjective contents,and the textbook version and teaching period will affect teachers ’orientation towards using textbooks. Therefore,we should correctly recognize the orientation of textbook use,attach importance to the design and use of subjective contents,and improve teachers’ textbook literacy.