植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能及肠道结构发育的影响

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on production performance, antioxidant function and development of intestinal structure in broilers

为了研究植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能及肠道结构发育的影响,试验以240只1日龄白羽肉鸡为研究对象,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别饲喂添加300,600,900 mg/kg植物乳杆菌(活菌数为1×10^(9) cfu/g)的试验日粮,试验期为42 d。进入试验后,在21,42日龄时空腹称重,记录日粮日消耗量,计算0~21,22~42,0~42日龄平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比;在21,42日龄,从各组的每个重复中选取健康肉鸡2羽,翅下静脉采血,分离血清用于测定总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;在42日龄时,从各组的每个重复中选取健康肉鸡2羽,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测定绒毛长度、隐窝深度及绒毛长度/隐窝深度。结果表明:0~21日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比显著降低(P<0.05);21~42日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);0~42日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。21,42日龄时,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清中T-AOC、SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);21日龄时各组肉鸡血清中CAT活性差异不显著(P>0.05),42日龄时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组显著升高(P<0.05)。42日龄,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛长度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组空肠隐窝深度显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组十二指肠和空肠绒毛长度/隐窝深度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。说明在1~42日龄白羽肉鸡日粮添加一定量的植物乳杆菌,能提高生产性能和抗氧化功能,改善肠道结构,有利于营养物质的消化与吸收。

In order to research the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on production performance, antioxidant function and development of intestinal structure in broilers, the experiment took 240 1-day-old White-Feathered broilers as the research objects, which were randomly divi-ded into 4 groups, each group with 6 replicates, and each replicate with 10 broilers. Group Ⅰ(control group) was fed the basal diet, and groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were fed the experimental diet supplemented with 300, 600, 900 mg/kg Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(the number of viable bacteria was 1×10^(9)cfu/g), respectively;the experimental period was 42 days. After the experiment was carried out, the animals were weighed with an empty stomach on 21 and 42 days of age;the daily consumption of the diet was recorded, and the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio of 0-21, 22-42, and 0-42 days of age were calculated. On 21 and 42 days of age, 2 healthy broilers were selected from each replicate of each group;blood was collected from the subwing vein, and serum was separated for determination of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. On 42 days of age, 2 healthy broilers were selected from each replicate of each group, and the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken to measure their villus length, crypt depth, and villus length/crypt depth. The results showed that on 0-21 days of age, compared with group Ⅰ, the daily gain of broilers in group Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the feed-to-weight ratio of broilers in group Ⅲ was significantly decreased(P<0.05). On 21-42 days of age, compared with group Ⅰ, the daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to weight in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P<0.05). On 0-42 days of age, compared with group Ⅰ, the daily gain in group Ⅲ was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to weight in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P<0.05). On 21 and 42 days of age in broilers, the activities of T-AOC and SOD in serum of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05);in the sera of broiler chickens in each group, there was no significant difference in CAT on 21 days of age(P>0.05), and on 42 days of age, groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased(P<0.05). On the 42 days of age, the lengths of duodenum, jejunum and ileum villus in group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the depths of jejunal crypts in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05);the depth of duodenal in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the duodenal and jejunal villus length/crypt depth in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The results suggested that adding a certain amount of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to the diet of 1-42-day-old White-Feathered broilers could improve the production performance and antioxidant function, improve the intestinal structure, and be beneficial to the digestion and absorption of nutrients.