基于生态环保视角的涉海规划回顾和改革建议

Review and Reform Proposals of Marine Planning from the Perspective of Eco-environmental Protection

研究基于生态环保视角梳理了9类涉海规划的概况,并从技术规范、法律地位、规划范围、规划层级及规划发展的时间线和约束力等方面进行了对比分析,结合实践及文献综述指出当前存在的陆海统筹不足、生态环保类规划法律地位偏低、海洋生态系统保护不足、规划层级约束机制不清晰等问题,借鉴英国、美国、日本、挪威、加拿大、瑞典等国家的国际经验:规划应强调多方参与、陆海统筹和生态系统服务功能保护,管理者应适当平衡规划的柔性和刚性,建议“十四五”时期实施陆海统筹的一体化保护和管理、推动基于生态系统服务理念的多用途海洋空间规划、强化规划制定及实施的体制机制保障。

Based on the perspective of eco-environmental protection,this study combed nine types of marine planning,and made a simple comparative analysis from the technical specification,the legal status,the planning scope,the planning levels,timeline and binding of planning development. Combined with specific practice and literature review,this paper points out that there were some problems in the current practice, such as insufficient coordination of land and sea, low legal status of ecological environmental planning, insufficient recognition of marine ecosystem protection,hierarchical constraint mechanism is not clear. Then,draw international lessons from the UK,USA,Japan,Norway,Canada,Sweden,etc∶ The planning should emphasize multi-party participation, land-sea coordination, and ecosystem service function protection, and managers should appropriately balance the flexibility and rigidity of the planning. Finally, this paper puts forward the reform direction of China′s marine spatial control in the 14th Five-Year Plan period ∶ implement integrated protection and management from the view of the sea and the land as a whole, promote multi-purpose marine spatial planning based on the concept of ecosystem services, and strengthen the institutional guarantees for the development and implementation of planning.