从《大东》到魏了翁:织女诗织就的科学批判传统

From the Poem Dadong to Wei Liaoweng: The Tradition of Scientific Criticism Revealed in Women Weavers’ Poems

历代织女诗,特别是七夕乞巧诗,卷帙浩繁,蔚然纺织、天文与社会文化之大观,俨然记录纺织科技之艺术长廊与展示纺织艺术的科技窗口。从《诗经·大东》经曹丕、杜甫等到南宋魏了翁等,本文首次从织女诗中梳理出对七夕乞巧的科学理性批判简史,并认为这一传统之所以到宋代达到顶峰,除了高度发达的纺织业在纺织诗中的反映,还与理学的兴起包括张载、朱熹日月五星左旋说所提供的科学批评工具不可分割。

The women weavers’ poems,especially the Qiqiao (begging skills) poems,are extensive and profound in content.Not only do they touch on textile,astronomy and social culture,but they also present an art corridor for recording textile technology and a technology window for displaying textile art.From the poem Dadong in the Shijing (Book of Poetry) through Cao Pi and Du Fu to Wei Liaoweng and so on,the paper delineates a brief history of scientific and rational criticism of the Qiqiao festival from the women weavers’ poems.It concludes that this tradition reached its peak in the Song Dynasty,reflecting the booming textile industry,and showing an inseparable link to the rise of Neo-Confucianism as well as the criticism tool provided by the left-rotation theory of the sun,the moon and five planets put forward by Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi.