中国野生猕猴桃资源的溃疡病抗性种质筛选

Screening of wild Actinidia germplasms resistant to bacterial canker disease in China

细菌性溃疡病严重威胁猕猴桃(Actinidia)产业发展,本研究对国家猕猴桃资源圃中29个种82份种质资源进行了离体枝条的溃疡病菌接种,以病斑长度评价其抗病能力,将种质划分为高抗至高感7个抗性等级。结果显示:不同种间材料抗性差异显著,大部分种内材料存在明显的抗性分化。82份种质中含高抗种质5份(6.09%)、中抗种质9份(10.98%)、低抗种质18份(21.95%)、耐病种质21份(25.61%)、低感种质11份(13.41%)、中感种质9份(10.98%)及高感种质9份(10.98%)。32份抗病种质包括软枣(A.arguta(Siebold&Zuccarini)Planchon ex Miquel)6份,异色(A.callosa var.discolor C.F.Liang)5份,黑蕊(A.melanandra Franchet)4份,京梨(A.callosa var.henryi Maximowicz)及毛花(A.eriantha Bentham)各3份,葡萄叶(A.vitifolia C.Y.Wu)、安息香(A.styracifolia C.F.Liang)及紫果(A.arguta(Siebold&Zuccarini)Planchon ex Miquel var.purpurea(Rehd.)C.F.Liang)各2份,阔叶(A.latifolia(Gardner&Champion)Merrill)、红茎(A.rubricaulis Dunn)、山梨(A.rufa(Siebold&Zuccarini)Planchon ex Miquel)、湖北(A.hubeiensis H.M.Sun and R.H.Huang)及黄毛(A.fulvicoma Hance)各1份。本研究结果为猕猴桃抗病品种的杂交选育与创制奠定了基础。

Bacterial canker disease is a serious threat to the development of the kiwifruit industry. Based on the abundant wild Actinidia germplasm resources in China, screening highly resistant germplasms and breeding resistant varieties with great fruit characters is a primary task for the development of the kiwifruit industry. In this paper, we inoculated isolated branches of 82 germplasms of 29 Actinidia species from the national kiwifruit germplasm nursery with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Disease resistance was evaluated based on lesion length, divided into seven categories from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Results showed distinct differences in resistance among the different species, as well as intraspecific resistance differentiation. Among the 82 germplasms, five were highly resistant(6.09%), nine were moderately resistant(10.98%), 18 were lowly resistant(21.95%), 21 were tolerant(25.61%), 11 were lowly susceptible(13.41%), nine were moderately susceptible(10.98%), and nine were highly susceptible(10.98%). The 32 resistant germplasms included six germplasms of A. arguta(Siebold & Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel, five germplasms of A. callosa var. discolor C. F. Liang, four germplasms of A. melanandra Franchet, three germplasms of A. callosa var. henryi Maximowicz and A. eriantha Bentham, respectively, two germplasms of A. vitifolia C. Y. Wu, A. styracifolia C. F. Liang, and A. arguta(Siebold & Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel var. purpurea(Rehd.) C. F. Liang, respectively, and one germplasm of A. latifolia(Gardner & Champion) Merrill, A. rubricaulis Dunn, A. rufa(Siebold & Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel, A. hubeiensis H. M. Sun and R. H. Huang, and A. fulvicoma Hance, respectively. Thus, this study lays a theoretical foundation for the cross-breeding and creation of disease-resistant varieties of kiwifruit.