基于DS/AHP和组合权重对职业教育成绩综合评定研究

Research on vocational education achievement comprehensive evaluation based on DS/AHP and combination weights

职业教育中,成绩评定“重识轻技”现象一直没有得到有效解决。为此,文中采用AHP方法的主观赋权和基于数据的熵权法,利用最小相对信息熵原理求得组合权重,并综合考虑考试形式、评分标准、各科难易程度以及各科在职业定位中地位的不同。其次,利用DS/AHP构建基于过程性、多变量不确定信息成绩评价方法,克服当前职业教学中成绩评价系统存在的缺陷,如:只注重学生的理论认知能力,以考试成绩为主,并没有完整地体现操作技能能力与职业素质;学生的过程性评价(练习情况、课堂表现、操作技能)完全依靠教师的主观意愿和判断,无法做到真实公正。文中所构建的定量、客观公正、立体的职业教育成绩综合评定体系,可为推动职教高质量发展提供路径,也能够更好地落实国家“三全育人”理念。

In vocational education,the phenomenon of "valuing knowledge over skills" has not been effectively solved. The subjective weight of the AHP(analytic hierachy process)method and the entropy weight based on the data are adopted in this paper. The combination weights are obtained by means of the principle of minimum relative information entropy. The examination form,scoring standard,difficulty degree of each subject and the different status of each subject in career positioning are considered comprehensively. The DS/AHP is used to construct a performance evaluation method based on process and multivariable uncertain information to overcome the shortcomings of the current performance evaluation system in vocational teaching,such as:only paying attention to students’ theoretical cognitive ability,focusing on exam results,and not fully reflecting the operational skills and professional quality. The process evaluation of students(practice situation,classroom performance,operation skills)are determined by the subjective wishes and judgment of teachers,which cannot be true and fair.The quantitative,objective,fair and three-dimensional comprehensive evaluation system of vocational education achievements constructed in this paper can provide a way to promote the high-quality development of vocational education,and can also better implement the national concept of "San Quan education".