沉浸式虚拟现实对学生学习绩效的影响——基于54项实验和准实验研究的元分析

The Influence of Immersive Virtual Reality on Students’ Learning Performance:A Meta-Analysis Based on 54 Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Studies

随着沉浸式虚拟现实技术的发展以及使用成本的降低,将沉浸式虚拟现实应用到教学领域已成为一种趋势。当前虽有大量研究探讨了沉浸式虚拟现实对学生学习绩效的影响作用,但研究结果之间的分歧较大。基于中外54项实验和准实验研究(71个效应值,5039个样本)的元分析结果显示:整体上,沉浸式虚拟现实对于学生学习绩效的影响高于计算机辅助或传统教学,但效应值不大(总效应值g=0.400)。调节效应检验结果显示,学科在沉浸式虚拟现实影响学生学习绩效的过程中发挥着调节作用,工程、几何、语言、科学等学科中沉浸式虚拟现实对学生学习绩效的影响较大;测量方式、学段、实验持续时间、控制组教学方式、效应值所属领域、沉浸式虚拟现实类型等变量均不存在调节效应。未来,在教学中应用沉浸式虚拟现实,需促进技术与教学的深度融合,挖掘沉浸式虚拟现实在不同学科中的应用潜力,探索其促进学生深度学习的方式,同时控制好技术应用带来的认知负荷和使用成本,提升沉浸式虚拟现实教学应用的有效性。

With the development of immersive virtual reality technology and the reduction of its use cost, it has become a trend to apply immersive virtual reality to the field of teaching. At present, lots of studies have discussed the effect of immersive virtual reality on students’ learning performance, but there are large differences among the research results. The meta-analysis results of 54 experimental and quasi-experimental studies(71 effect values,5039 samples) at home and abroad showed that immersive virtual reality had a higher impact on students’ learning performance than non-immersive virtual reality or traditional teaching, but the effect size was small(the total effect size was g=0.400). The moderating effect test results show that subjects play a moderating role in the process of immersive virtual reality affecting students’ learning performance. In some subjects such as engineering, geometry,language and science, immersive virtual reality has a greater impact on students’ learning performance. There is no moderating effect on the variables such as measurement method, education stage, experiment duration, teaching method of control group, field of effect value and type of immersive virtual reality. In the future, the application of immersive virtual reality in teaching needs to promote the deep integration of technology and teaching, dig deep into the application potential of immersive virtual reality in different disciplines, explore the way of immersive virtual reality to promote students’ deep learning, while control the cognitive load and use cost brought by technology application to improve the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality teaching application.