“天才大纲”的唯物主义思想——恩格斯《国民经济学批判大纲》研究

Materialist Thought of “Genius Outline”——Study on Engels’ Outlines of a Critique of National Economy

《国民经济学批判大纲》标志着恩格斯实现了从唯心主义到唯物主义的转变。《大纲》包含着唯物主义思想、运用了唯物主义世界观、从经济事实出发剖析资本主义,并孕育着唯物史观的一些重要范畴、观点和理论。《大纲》批判了旧唯物主义,运用矛盾思维方式剖析资本主义的生产方式,因此写作《大纲》时期的恩格斯事实上已经是一个辩证唯物主义者。

The Outlines of a Critique of National Economy marks the transformation of Engels from idealism to materialism, which is the consensus of the academic circle. This consensus of course assumes that the Outline contains materialism. However, the academic circle has long ignored the in-depth study of this premise. The Outline contains the materialist thought, uses the materialist world outlook, analyzes capitalism from the economic facts, and breeds some important categories, viewpoints and theories of historical materialism. The Outline criticized the old materialism and used contradictory thinking to analyze the capitalist mode of production. Therefore, Engels was actually a dialectical materialist when he wrote the Outline.