添加菌剂堆肥发酵对羊粪球虫卵囊活力的影响

Effect of Compost Fermentation with Microbial Agents on Activity of Eimeria Oocysts in Sheep Manure

为了探究在羊粪中添加不同比例菌剂后堆肥发酵对羊粪球虫卵囊活力的影响,本研究用枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉、黑曲霉和酵母菌5种菌种以不同比例混合组成的3种菌剂对羊粪进行好氧发酵处理,用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对不同阶段的发酵样品进行镜检,同时将这些粪样中收集的球虫卵囊于28℃恒温孵育进行孢子化以评定卵囊的活性。结果显示,堆肥内部温度最高可达70℃,在13 d开始降温,在22 d温度出现回升,在50℃维持数天后温度继续下降,3种菌剂堆肥内部温度变化几乎相同;随着发酵时间的延长,可检测到的球虫卵囊数量及其孢子化数量逐渐减少,3种菌剂分别在20、28 d和37 d后未能检出球虫卵囊,第1组至堆肥10 d时,发酵粪样中的球虫卵囊已无孢子化活性。结果表明,高温对球虫卵囊的杀灭是有效的;在菌剂作用下,堆肥内部温度可高达70℃,且有数个高于50℃的温度峰值,有利于灭活球虫卵囊;3个组中最快堆肥10 d可彻底灭活球虫卵囊。该研究结果为羊场粪污发酵处理及资源化利用评价提供了参考依据。

In order to evaluate the effect of compost fermentation with different proportions microbial agents on activity of Eimeria oocysts in sheep manure, this study utilized three different composts with various combinations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus Niger and Saccharomyces to perform aerobic fermentation on sheep manure. Then saturated sucrose floating was used to obtain Eimeria oocysts from different stages of fermented samples for microscopic examination, and for sporulation at 28℃ to evaluate the activity of oocysts. The results showed that the internal temperature of the compost could reach up to 70℃, which began to decrease on the 13 th day, and then rosed on the 22 nd day, after maintaining at 50° for several days, the temperature continued to decrease. The internal temperature changes of the three different composts were almost the same;with prolonged fermentation, the number of detectable Eimeria oocysts and their sporulation rates gradually decreased. The three different composts failed to show Eimeria oocysts after 20, 28 days and 37 days, respectively. Eimeria oocysts in fermented fecal samples of group 1 were devoid of spore activity after 10 d of composting. Thus, high temperature is effective for the killing of Eimeria oocysts, and in the three groups, the fastest composting for 10 days in the presence of microbial agents is effective in completely inactivating Eimeria oocysts. These data provide a reference guide for the fermentation treatment and resource utilization of sheep manure.