应试背景下的元代诗歌教习及其诗学意义

Poetry Teaching and Learning in the Yuan Dynasty and Its Poetic Significance Under Exam-oriented Education

元代科举有明显迥异于其他时代的特征,元代诗歌教习亦呈现独特的样式。元代举业虽压缩了诗歌教习空间,但经义、古赋等考试内容仍然间接引导初学者习诗。诗法作品、诗学类书等进入元代教育系统,丰富了诗歌初学者学诗的内容,相应地也丰盈了其诗学意义。其一,蒙求诗学在一定程度上成为诗学发展的“驱动力”,助推了中国古典诗学在雅俗互动中扩散、普及与扎根;其二,蒙求诗学成为判断古典诗学雅俗高下的“基准线”,是诗人作诗的参照标准。

The imperial examination system of the Yuan Dynasty was obviously different from that of other times,there were many new features in poetry teaching and learning related to the imperial examination.Although poetry had been excluded from the scope of the examination,the Jingyi,Ancient Fu and other contents of examination still indirectly guided people to learn poetry writing.Thus poetry writing books and poetry reference books were widely welcomed by teachers and students.These books enriched the content of people’s poetry learning.At the same time,the poetic significance brought by these books is more farreaching.In a word,the value of popular poetics lies in that it has become the driving force for the development of poetics to a certain extent,making Chinese classical poetics develop continuously in the interaction between secular and elite.Secondly,it is also a reference line,according to which we can judge the elegance and vulgarity of poetry,so these books become necessary tools for poets to write poetry.