将基层带入国家:单一制、基层社会与国家建设

Bringing the Grassroots to State Building:Unitary System,Grassroots Society and State Building

基层治理是国家治理的基石。基层是中国日常政治生活中使用频率非常高的词,是一种国家话语。这一国家话语来自于中国的国家结构形式。中国是典型的单一制国家,存在着一个多层级的国家组织体系。基层位于国家组织结构中的最低层级,直接面对人民群众,从而生成了基层社会,并有了基层社会的治理。从国家治理的角度看,基层社会治理是指国家对基层社会的治理,体现着国家意志和目的。国家通过各方面的建设,推进基层治理体系与治理能力现代化,使基层治理与社会主义现代化国家建设同步和相适应,其中包括基层政权、基层财政、基层建制、基本单元、基层自治、基层国民、基层民主、基层法治和基层能力建设等。将基层带入国家,有助于将基层治理整合到国家体系之下作整体和历史的认识,从而将基层治理提升到国家建设的宏大视域中考察。

Grassroots governance is the cornerstone of national governance.The grassroots is a term that is used very frequently in everyday political life in China.It is a national discourse that derives from China’s state structure.As a typical unitary state,China has a multi-tiered system of state organization.The grassroots is at the lowest level in the organizational structure of the state,and interacts directly with the people,thus generating a grassroots society and grassroots governance.From the perspective of state governance,grassroots governance refers to the governance of grassroots society by the state,which reflects the will and purpose of the state.The state promotes the modernization of the grassroots governance system and capacity through comprehensive construction,so that grassroots governance is synchronized and adapted to the construction of a modern socialist country.This includes the development of local authority,finance,institutions,basic units,self-governance,citizenship,democracy,rule of law,and capacity building at the grassroots level.Bringing the grassroots into state building helps integrate grassroots governance into the national system with a holistic and historical perspective,thereby enabling the study of grassroots governance from a broader and higher scope of state building.