当代中国功能区:破解发展难题的空间治理创新

Functional Zones in Contemporary China:Spatial Governance Innovations to Solve Development Problems

既要在超大规模的国土空间上实现有效治理,又要快速实现现代化发展,如何将规模难题转化为发展优势,是新中国成立之后面临的重大课题。以控制为导向的行政区划空间的传统治理模式在破解规模难题上发挥了重要作用,但却难以解决发展问题。改革开放之后,我国开始探索以发展为导向的功能区空间治理模式,通过区域试点,形成了与传统行政区相协调又不同的更加灵活化的体制机制,实现了单一制国家结构与因地制宜的空间治理模式的有机融合。功能区通过高度整合化的机构设置、多样化的选任方式和创新化的政策体系推动了各类资源要素在国土空间内的重新配置,极大地促进了经济社会发展,为将规模治理难题转化为发展优势提供了实践样本。

Since the founding of the PRC,it has been a major task for the country to solve the“dual problem”of scale and speed of development and turn the problem of scale into an advantage for development.The traditional control-oriented spatial governance model of administrative division plays an important role in solving the problem of scale,but it is difficult to solve the problem of development.After the reform and opening up was launched,China began to explore a development-oriented spatial governance model of functional zones.Through regional trials,a more flexible system coordinated with but different from traditional administrative regions has been formed,and the organic integration of unitary state system and spatial governance model based on local conditions has been realized.Functional zones have promoted the reallocation of various resources in the national space through integrated institutional settings,diversified methods of official selection and appointment and innovative policy systems,greatly promoted economic and social development,and provided practical samples for transforming problems of scale governance into development advantages.