当代中国民族问题治理演进的逻辑分析

An Analysis of the Evolutionary Logic of Ethnic Governance in Contemporary China

近年来,作为国家治理重要部分的民族问题治理,尤其是其中的民族政策的制定和实践,受到学界越来越多的关注。其间,屡有论者对民族问题治理的一贯性提出诟病。然而,这样的看法既不客观也不准确。从国家治理的大格局来看,为调整国内民族关系而进行的民族问题治理,只是国家治理的一个部分,其政策问题的选择、政策意图的确定、政策方案的制订、具体政策的实施,皆受到国家治理的目标、任务的根本制约。回溯当代中国民族问题治理的发展过程可以看到,民族治理在新中国成立初期围绕建立新的国家而实施,发展道路探索时期出现了波折,改革开放时期在实现快速发展中推进,民族复兴时期为中华民族伟大复兴而创造条件。因此,民族问题治理总是围绕着国家治理而展开,并服从和服务于国家治理目标的实现。民族问题治理的合理性和正当性,皆源自于国家治理的需要。国家治理的大逻辑制约着民族问题治理的小逻辑。民族问题的治理总是随着国家治理的调整而变化,进而形成自己的演进逻辑。

As an important part of state governance,handling ethnic issues,especially the formulation and practice of ethnic policies,has attracted more and more academic attention.Meanwhile,many commentators have criticized the consistency of ethnic governance.However,such criticisms are neither objective nor accurate.In view of the overall picture of state governance,handling ethnic issues designed to adjust domestic ethnic relations is only a part of state governance.In terms of ethnic minorities policres,the priority of issues,the determination of intentions,the formulation of policy plans and the implementation of specific policies are fundamentally restricted by the objectives and tasks of state governance.By reviewing the history of the ethnic governance in contemporary China,we can see that it was implemented around the establishment of a new state in the early years of PRC,suffered setbacks in the exploration of the development path,and was promoted in the process of the rapid development since reform and opening up.In the period of new era,it created conditions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.handling ethnic issues always revolves around state governance,obeys and serves the goals of state governance,and its rationality and legitimacy are derived from the needs of state governance.The primary logic of state governance restricts the secondary logic of ethnic issues.Therefore,handling ethnic issues always changes with the adjustment of state governance and forms its own evolutionary logic.