中国古代管理思想:基本框架、作用机制与智慧汲取

Ancient China’s Management Thoughts:Basic Framework,Functional Mechanism and Wisdom Absorption

真正打通历史与管理,是从学术角度写出有分量的中国古代管理思想史的关键。研究中国古代管理思想,先要弄清一般的古代思想,这一点可以从汉字思维、家国伦理、三教信仰、五行体系、天下华夷、国家治理等六个角度展开。从影响社会行为的角度看,人性假设、协作机制和组织原理、角色体系和人事关系、动力机制和激励途径、价值选择和决策、权威和领导、控制和监督构成了中国古代管理思想的大体框架。我国古代管理思想的作用机制可以概括为不同思想的殊途同归、互相砥砺的左右互搏、行为路径上的内圣外王、作用方式上的教化领先、目标设定上的有限追求、实施方法上的有经有权等六个方面。中国管理智慧的发掘,应在吸收西方管理思想的基础上,扬弃传统文化,再造民族本位,这需要管理学界在中西关系、古今关系上达成共识,以谦逊的姿态去承继传统文明,以理性的思考去接纳西方科学,两相参照,砥砺切磋,重建中国自身发展中的主体地位,推动理论与实践的对接,实现理性与情感的渗透,用中国话语说明人类命运共同体的未来前景。

Truly connecting history with management is the key to compose significant ancient Chinese management literature from the academic perspective.The research of ancient Chinese management thoughts should begin from clarifying the general ancient thoughts from six aspects:Chinese character thought,family-country ethics,three-religion beliefs,five-element system,integration of China minority nationality,and national governance.From the perspective of influencing social behavior,the general framework of ancient Chinese management thoughts are composed of human nature hypothesis;cooperation mechanism and organizational principles;role system and personnel relationship;dynamic mechanism and incentive approach;value selection and decision-making,authority and leadership;as well as control and supervision.The function mechanism of China’s ancient management thoughts can be summarized in six aspects:different ideas for the same goal by different routes;mutual cooperation and struggle for forgeing ahead;internal saintliness and external kingship in behavior path,leading role of education in functional means;limited pursuit in goal setting;and invariability and flexibility in implementation method.The exploration of China’s management wisdom should,on the basis of absorbing western management thoughts,sublate traditional culture and rebuild the national standard.This requires the management academia to reach a consensus on the relationship between China and the West,between ancient and modern times;to inherit traditional civilization with humility;to accept western science with rational thinking;to refer to each other and forge ahead;to rebuild China's dominant position in its own development;to promote the connection between theory and practice;to realize the penetration of reason and emotion,and to use Chinese context to explain the future prospects of a community with a shared future for mankind.