投入产出视角下的微观就业质量效率评价

Evaluation of Micro Employment Quality Efficiency from the Input-output Perspective

在经典人力资本货币性回报测算的基础上,将主客观就业质量纳入收益范畴,使用混合距离EBM模型和全局参比Malmquist指数测算我国微观就业质量的投入产出效率及全要素生产率。基于CFPS的实证结果显示2010—2020年整体就业质量水平提高且劳动者之间就业质量差距减小,同时一些问题值得关注:(1)从要素分布看,男性、新生代、东部地区劳动者的收入较高而工作满意度较低;(2)从要素改进看,教育投入冗余近几年有所增加;(3)不同性别、户籍、单位性质、代际、地区劳动群体的效率存在显著差异;(4)初始投入要素处于劣势的劳动者,投入产出效率和全要素生产率均处于劣势,存在马太效应。在高质量发展背景下为就业质量评价提供基于效率的新视角,结合我国就业结构主要矛盾和共同富裕最终目标提出提升就业质量的政策建议。

Based on the classical measurement of monetary return of human capital,the quality of subjective and objective employment is brought into the category of benefits.The input-output efficiency and total factor productivity of micro employment quality in China are measured by using mixed distance EBM model and global reference Malmquist index.Empirical results based on CFPS show that the overall employment quality level is improved and the gap between workers is reduced from 2010 to 2020.At the same time,some problems should be paid attention to:(1)From the factor distribution,male,new generation and eastern workers have higher income but lower job satisfaction;(2)From the factor improvement,educational input redundancy has increased in recent years;(3)There are significant differences in the workers’efficiency of different genders,household registration,nature of work units,generations and regions;(4)The workers with inferior initial input factors have inferior input-output efficiency and total factor productivity,and Matthew effect exists.In the context of high-quality development,this paper provides a new perspective based on efficiency for the evaluation of employment quality,and puts forward policy suggestions on improving employment quality based on the main contradiction of China’s employment structure and the ultimate goal of common prosperity.